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International Journal of Food Properties Volume 26, 2023 - Issue 1

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Gynostemma pentaphyllum an immortal herb with promising therapeutic potential: a comprehensive review on its phytochemistry and pharmacological perspective

Aftab Ahmeda Department of Nutritional Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, PakistanCorrespondence[email protected]

Muhammad Awais Saleema Department of Nutritional Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan;b Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, AJ&K, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan

Farhan Saeedc Department of Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5340-4015

Muhammad Afzaalc Department of Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9047-9075

Ali Imranc Department of Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan

Muhammad Nadeemd Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan

Saadia Ambreene University Institute of Food Science and Technology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan

Muhammad Imranf Department of Food Science andTechnology, University of Narowal, Narowal, Pakistan

Muzzamal Hussainc Department of Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, PakistanCorrespondence[email protected]

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6508-1962

Entessar Al Jbawig Agricultural Extension Directorate, MAAR, Damascus, SyriaCorrespondence[email protected]

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1804-1770

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Pages 808-832 | Received 10 Apr 2022, Accepted 05 Jan 2023, Published online: 02 Mar 2023

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https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2023.2185566
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Table 1. Taxonomic Hierarchy of Gynostemma pentaphyllum.

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Figure 1. Leaf, flowers and fruits Gynostemma pentaphyllum.

Figure 2. Gynostemma pentaphyllum (var. Ginpent) crops grown in Leno, Brescia, Italy.

Table 2. Dammarane-type saponin structures in G. pentaphyllum.

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Figure 3. G. pentaphyllum dammarane skeleton with characteristic linkages.

Source: Yan et al.^[Citation73]

Figure 4. G. pentaphyllum cyclopentenone (j) and epoxy dammarane-type glycosides.

Source: Yan et al.^[Citation73]

Table 3. G. pentaphyllum cyclopentenone and epoxy dammarane-type glycoside compounds.

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Figure 5. Routes of administration for G. pentaphyllu’s anti-cancer.

Source: Li, et al.^[Citation18]

Figure 6. The mechanism through which gypenosides reduce inflammatory reactions.

Source: Wang et al.^[Citation97]

Figure 7. Mode of action of polysaccharides from Gynostemma pentaphyllum’s antioxidant and immunomodulatory capabilities.

Source: Shang et al.^{[Citation107]}

Figure 8. (a). NALFD is part of a compound-target network. The yellow triangles indicate active G. pentaphyllum compounds, whereas the blue rectangles reflect probable NAFLD target genes, with the gray line representing the compound-target relationship. Source: Shang et al.^{[Citation107]} (b). The six possible anti-NAFLD compounds from G. pentaphyllum and their matching chemical compositions.

Figure 9. The neuro-protective influence of Gynostemma pentaphyllum is depicted graphically.

Source: Zhai et al.^{[Citation116]}

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Gynostemma pentaphyllum an immortal herb with promising therapeutic potential: a comprehensive review on its phytochemistry and pharmacological perspective

Table 1. Taxonomic Hierarchy of Gynostemma pentaphyllum.

Table 2. Dammarane-type saponin structures in G. pentaphyllum.

Table 3. G. pentaphyllum cyclopentenone and epoxy dammarane-type glycoside compounds.

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Gynostemma pentaphyllum an immortal herb with promising therapeutic potential: a comprehensive review on its phytochemistry and pharmacological perspective

Figures & data

Table 1. Taxonomic Hierarchy of Gynostemma pentaphyllum.

Table 2. Dammarane-type saponin structures in G. pentaphyllum.

Table 3. G. pentaphyllum cyclopentenone and epoxy dammarane-type glycoside compounds.

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