Phytochemical properties and in-vitro cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and mutagenicity assessment of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Argyrolobium roseum (Camb.)

Figures & data

Table 1. Determination of phenolic contents (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of ethanolic and aqueous extract of A. roseum.

Composite Parameters	Extracts	Quantity
Total Phenolic contents (mg GAE/100 g)	Aqueous	538.26
	Ethanolic	15.39
Total Flavonoid contents (mg Eq. of Quercetin/100 g)	Aqueous	1600.26
	Ethanolic	6553.29

Figure 1. Cytotoxicity of (a) ethanolic and (b) aqueous extract of A. roseum measured by MTT assay. Columns with different superscript letter (a-d) are significantly different (p < .05). Negative control (DMSO 5%).

Figure 2. The effect of (a) ethanolic and (b) extract of A. roseum on tail length and head length of human lymphocytes evaluated by comet assay, Columns with different superscript letter (a-f) are significantly different (p < .05). Negative control (DMSO 5%), Positive control (H₂O₂ 200 μM).

Figure 3. Visual DNA damage human lymphocytes treated with different concentrations of ethanolic extract of A. roseum. (a) 16 mg/ml: (b) 8 mg/ml: (c) 4 mg/ml: (d) 0.061 mg/ml and (e) 0.03 mg/ml.

Figure 4. Visual DNA damage human lymphocytes treated with different concentrations of aqueous extract of A. roseum. (a) 16 mg/ml: (b) 8 mg/ml: (c) 4 mg/ml: (d) 0.061 mg/ml and (e) 0.03 mg/ml.

Table 2. Distribution of cell count (%) with different comet grades induced by treatment with different concentrations of ethanolic and aqueous extract of A. roseum evaluated by comet assay.

S	Comet classes								Comet Cells (%)		GDI
	Cl 0		Cl 1		Cl 2		Cl 3
	EEAr	AEAr	EEAr	AEAr	EEAr	AEAr	EEAr	AEAr	EEAr	AEAr	EEAr	AEAr
−ve Con	23		2		0		0		8		0.08
+ve Con	0		10		2		13		100		2.12
0.031	18	23	7	2	0	0	0	0	28	8	0.28	0.11
0.062	15	21	10	4	0	0	0	0	40	16	0.4	0.16
0.125	16	18	9	7	0	0	0	0	36	28	0.36	0.28
0.25	14	15	11	10	0	0	0	0	44	40	0.44	0.4
0.5	11	12	14	13	0	0	0	0	56	52	0.56	0.52
1	9	11	16	14	0	0	0	0	64	56	0.64	0.56
2	5	5	20	20	0	0	0	0	80	80	0.8	0.8
4	0	3	25	22	0	0	0	0	100	88	1	0.88
8	0	0	25	25	0	0	0	0	100	100	1	1
16	0	0	24	24	1	1	0	0	100	100	1.04	1.06

EEAr (Ethanolic Extract of A. roseum), AEAr (Aqueous Extract A. roseum)

Table 3. The number (mean ± SD) of revertant colonies and mutagenicity index (MI) of S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100 exposed to ethanolic and aqueous extract of A. roseum.

Treatments (mg/ml)	S. typhimurium T 98				S. typhimurium T 100
	EEAr		AEAr		EEAR		AEAr
	Revertant count	MI	Revertant count	MI	Revertant count	MI	Revertant count	MI
+ve Con	510 ± 55**	2.83	491 ± 45**	2.36	437 ± 46**	2.17	462 ± 36**	2.44
−ve Con	197 ± 27		178 ± 27		164 ± 26		214 ± 26
0.25	203 ± 25	1.05	232 ± 29	1.32	168 ± 48	0.76	156 ± 29	0.86
0.5	267 ± 28	1.57	215 ± 35	1.08	169 ± 25	1.02	173 ± 27	1.09
1	325 ± 35*	1.75	178 ± 25	1.21	228 ± 35	1.22	258 ± 38	1.31
2	359 ± 39*	1.87	224 ± 36	1.42	427 ± 42**	2.04	163 ± 22	0.94
4	382 ± 45**	2.04	281 ± 38	1.79	466 ± 62**	2.13	221 ± 36	1.24
8	411 ± 37**	2.16	410 ± 45**	2.36	481 ± 48**	2.25	474 ± 38**	2.63

EEAr (Ethanolic Extract of A. roseum), AEAr (Aqueous Extract A. roseum)

** indicated P < .01 and * indicated P < .05