Antioxidant potentials and inhibitory activities of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and acetylcholinesterase of different fractions from Salsola tetragona Delile

Figures & data

Table 1. Values of total polyphenol, flavonoid, and In vitro antioxidant capacity of the various fractions of S. tetragona.

Plant extract fractions	TPC (µg GAE/mg ED)	TFC (µg QE/mg ED)	DPPH	Anti-Hemolysis	FRAP
			IC50 (µg/ml)	Hly50 (µg/ml)	EC0,5(µg/ml)
St.Hex	36.41 ± 0.18c	15.17 ± 0.23^c	815 ± 8.20^e	200 ±2.10^b	1780 ± 70^d
St.DCM	45.65 ± 0.22b	15.57 ± 0.41^c	62± 4.10^a	280 ±4.40^c	1010 ± 20^b
St.EtOAc	52.76 ± 0.25a	22.77 ± 0.09^a	79 ± 8.20^b	390 ±1.30^d	910 ± 30^b
St.n-BuOH	35.62 ± 0.14c	17.24 ± 0.05^b	258 ± 2.40^c	340 ±5.20^d	1360 ± 60^c
Ascorbic Acid	-	-	-	110±6.60^a	64 ± 10^a
α-tocopherol	-	-	363 ± 2.30^d	-	-
BHA	-	-	285 ± 6.40^c	-	-

the values are given as mean ± SD (n=3). ^a-dMeans with distinct letters in each column differ substantially (p < .05). Abbreviations: St.Hex, S. tetragona n-hexane fraction; St.DCM, S. tetragona dichloromethane fraction; St.EtOAc, S. tetragona ethyl acetate fraction; St.n-BuOH, S. tetragona n-butanol fraction; BHA, Butylated hydroxyanisole.

Table 2. Inhibitory Effects of S. tetragona fractions on α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE).

Plant extract fractions	Inhibition (IC50 µg/ml)
	α-Glucosidase	α-Amylase	AChE
St.Hex	130 ± 1.20^c	130 ± 0.40^d	63 ± 0.60^c
St.DCM	132 ± 3.20^c	124 ± 5.10^c	60 ± 0.10^c
St.EtOAc	70 ± 1.80^b	70 ± 1.30^b	30 ± 0.30^a
St.n-BuOH	70 ± 1.80^b	70 ± 1.80^b	32 ± 0.60^b
Acarbose	60 ± 1^a	62 ± 2.80^a	-
Galantamine	-	-	28 ± 0.30^a

the values are given as mean± SD (n=3). ^a-dMeans with distinct letters in each column differ substantially (p < .05). Abbreviations: St.Hex, S. tetragona n-hexane fraction; St.DCM, S. tetragona dichloromethane fraction; St.EtOAc, S. tetragona ethyl acetate fraction; St.n-BuOH, S. tetragona n-butanol fraction.

Table 3. Pearson’s correlation (R) and significance levels (p-values <.05) between total phenolic, and flavonoid content of various fractions of S.tetragona and their biological activity.

		DPPH	FRAP	Anti-Hemolysis activity	α-Amylase inhibition activity	α-Glucosidase inhibition activity	AChE inhibition activity
n-hexane fraction
TPC (µg GAE/mg ED)	R P	0.561 0.216	0.617 0.154	0.320 0.102	0.409 0.182	0.393 0.298	0.396 0.368
TFC (µg QE/mg ED)	R P	0.541 0.247	0.511 0.113	0.333 0.202	0.367 0.292	0.343 0.398	0.306 0.452
dichloromethane fraction
TPC (µg GAE/mg ED)	R P	0.971 0.147	0.752 0.213	0.411 0.102	0.399 0.392	0.412 0.118	0.396 0.292
TFC (µg QE/mg ED)	R P	0.804 0.247	0.711 0.113	0.401 0.202	0.372 0.192	0.403 0.198	0.376 0.252
ethyl acetate fraction
TPC (µg GAE/mg ED)	R P	0.801 0.247	0.731 0.113	0.520 0.202	0.712 0.192	0.703 0.198	0.686 0.252
TFC (µg QE/mg ED)	R P	0.761 0.347	0.625 0.213	0.380 0.202	0.402 0.402	0.370 0.198	0.346 0.252
n-butanol fraction
TPC (µg GAE/mg ED)	R P	0.722 0.287	0.603 0.134	0.360 0.252	0.772 0.106	0.661 0.178	0.537 0.202
TFC (µg QE/mg ED)	R P	0.641 0.147	0.521 0.153	0.364 0.262	0.358 0.425	0.303 0.432	0.402 0.352

Pearson correlation coefficient., P: p-value (Significant)., AChE: acetylcholinesterase, the dark color of the numbers for the correlation coefficient, R, indicates the strength of the positive correlation between the two variables.