Optimized conditions for extraction, quantification and detection of bioactive compound from Nettle (Urtica dioica L.) using the deep eutectic solvents, ultra-sonication and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS)

Figures & data

Table 1. Name, compositions of DES and mole ratios.

Names of DES	Compositions of DES	Molar ratio
DESCAME	Citric acid: Menthol	2:1
DESCAMAL	Citric acid: Maltose	1:2
DESLAGLU	Lactic acid: Glucose	1:1

Table 2. The independent variables and coded factors in the CCD of the response surface.

Independent variables	Symbol	Coded factor − 1 0 +1
Extraction temperature	A	30 60 90
Extraction time	B	10 50 90
Water addition on DES	C	10 20 30

Figure 1. Effect of DES type on bioactive compounds content TPC, TFC and AA of extracts from Nettle (Urtica dioica L.).

Table 3. Effect of DES type on TPC, TFC and DPPH of extracts from Nettle (Urtica dioica L.).

DES compositions	TPC mgGAE/100g	TFC mgCE/100g	DPPH μmolTE/mL
DESCAMA DESCAME DESCAMAL DESLAGLU	1697 ± .28 1535 ± 0.24 2423 ± 0.35 2132 ± 0.27	92.36 ± 0.12 80.21 ± 0.13 134.71 ± 0.23 98.69 ± 0.18	75.51 ± .18 678.86 ± 0.23 1071.05 ± 0.38 942.89 ± 0.29

Table 4. Structural characterization (tR, UV max, MS data) and content (mg/100 g) of phenolic compounds in different deep eutectic solvents in Urtica dioica L. (Nettle).

Compounds	tR/min	UV max	[M–H]^–	MS^2	DESCAMA	DESCAME	DESCAMAL	DESLAGLU
Quinic acid	4.50	280	191	173, 111	5.29	4.92	5.58	nd
Caffeic acid	5.00	242, 294sh, 330	179	161	8.04	8.54	11.05	nd
Caffeoylglucaric acid isomer	6.20	236, 296sh, 326	371	353, 209, 191	19.06	19.07	25.68	16.46
Caffeoylglucaric acid isomer	7.50	244, 296sh, 330	371	353, 209, 191	48.05	53.90	68.95	13.33
3-O-caffeoylquinic acid	9.70	248, 298sh, 326	353	191, 173	16.00	10.10	22.54	nd
sinapoyl-di-caffeoylquinic acid	11.30	234, 298, 330	739	385, 353, 221	46.02	20.50	48.77	nd
Dicaffeoyl quinic acid	12.60	230, 282sh, 324	515	353, 209, 129	3.57	4.11	4.23	nd
5-O-caffeoylquinic acid	13.70	244, 296sh, 328	353	191, 173	419.06	274.52	426.55	319.52
4-O-caffeoylquinic acid	15.40	318	353	191, 173	12.76	10.19	13.87	11.42
Caffeoyl malic acid	16.20	242, 330	591	295, 179	928.60	451.80	1121.22	1557.55
Feruloylquinic acid	17.10	244, 298sh, 330	367	191, 179, 135	16.76	13.29	27.41	13.65
Quercetin 3-O-rutinoside	18.80	256, 298, 346	609	343, 301	92.36	80.21	134.71	98.69

Figure 2. 3D and 2D response surface diagrams of TPC.

Figure 3. 3D and 2D response surface diagrams of TFC.

Figure 4. 3D and 2D response surface diagrams of antioxidant activity..

Figure 5. LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS chromatogram of phenolic compounds extraction using UAE-DES.

Data availability statement

The data it is availability within this study.