Nutritional and phytochemical screening of Moringa oleifera leaf powder in aqueous and ethanol extract

Figures & data

Table 1. Physicochemical composition (%) of MoLP.

Parameter	Results
Moisture	6.30 ± 0.15
Crude Protein	26.23 ± 0.41
Fat	2.82 ± 0.02
Fiber	10.25 ± 0.02
Ash	8.24 ± 0.01
NFE (Carbohydrates)	46.14 ± 0.26

Data is presented in means ± SEM

Table 2. Mineral composition of MoLP.

Minerals	Ppm	Minerals	ppm
Zn	25 ± 2.0	P	.2 ± .1
Cu	8.0 ± 1.0	K	2.2± .2
Fe	410 ± 5.0	Ca	2.5 ± .2
Mn	80 ± 3.0	Mg	.6 ± .1
Ni	4.0 ± 1.0
Cd	.1 ± .2
Pb	10 ± 1.0

Data is presented in means ± SEM

Table 3. Qualitative phytochemical grading in Moringa oleifera leaf aqueous and 70% ethanol extract.

Sr. no	Phytochemical	Reagent used	Method	Observation	Presence of phytochemical in Aqueous extract	Presence of phytochemical in 70% ethanol extract
1	Flavonoids	Ferric Chloride reagent	2 ml MoLE + few drops of FeCl3 (10%)	Blackish red or brown color	++	+++
2	Phenols	Folin-Ciocalteu reagent	0.5 ml Folin-ciocalteu solution+ 1 ml MoLE + few drops of Na (aq)	Grey or black color	+	+++
3	Alkaloid	Wagner’s reagent	0.5 ml wagner’s solution + 2 ml MoLE + 1 ml HCl (1%)	Reddish brown precipitation	+	+++
4	Saponins	Froth reagent	5 ml water + 1 ml MoLE	Foaming	+	+++
5	Tannin	Gelatin reagent	1% gelatin solution+ 1 ml MoLE + few drops of NaCl (aq)	No precipitation in aqueous White in ethanol	-	++
6	Glycosides	Legal’s test	2 ml pyridine and sodium nitropruside + 1 ml MoLE + 0.5 ml lead acetate + NaOH 5 ml water	Pink to red color	+	++
7	Steroids	Salkowski’s reagent	1ml chloroform + 2 ml MoLE +.H2SO4(few drops)	Brownish ring	++	++
8	Proteins	Xanthoproteic reagent	1 ml conc. HNO3 +few drops of 40% NaOH + 2 ml MoLE	Yellow color	+	++
9	amino acids	Ninhydrin reagent	2% Ninhydrin solution (few drops) + 2 ml MoLE	Blue color	++	++
10	Reducing sugars	Fehling’s reagent	1 ml Fehling’s reagent +2 ml MoLE	Brick red precipitation	+	+
11	Carbohydrates	Molicsh’s reagent	2 ml MoLE + 2 ml conc. H2SO4+2 drops of molicsh’s reagent	purple ring	++	+++
12	Triterpenoids	Salkowski’s reagent	2 ml MoLE +2 ml H2SO4 +1ml chloroform	No precipitation in aqueous golden in ethanol	-	++
13	Oils & fats	Filter paper	MoLE (few drops) + press in folds of filter paper	Oil mark found	+	+
14	Phytosterols	Liebermann- Burchard’s reagent	2 ml MoLE + 0.5 ml. H2SO4 +acetic anhydride (few drops	Brown circle appear	-	+

MoLE = Moringa oleifera leaf extract

+++ More abundant

++ Moderate abundant

+ Least abundance

- Absent

Table 4. Free radical scavenging activity and total antioxidant capacity of aqueous and 70% ethanol mole.

MoLE	Total phenol content (tpc) (mgGAE/100 ml)	Total flavonoid content (TFC) (mg QE/100 ml)	Total tannin content (TTC) mg CE/100 ml	Ttotal saponin content (TSC) mg DE/100 Ml	Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) mmol FeSO4	Radical scavenging assay (DPPH) (mM trolox/100 mL)	Radical scavenging assay (ABTS) (mM trolox/100 mL)
AQ	128.60 ± 1.67	3.91± 0.24	10.09 ± 0.25	36.26 ± 3.1	.87 ± .03	33.42±1.92	265.76 ± 22.86
70% Ethanol	136.57 ± 1.78	4.02 ± 0.35	12.58 ± 0.64	25.14 ± 1.02	1.24±.05	28.48±1.02	328.57 ± 19.68

Data is presented in means ± SEM