Anticancer and apoptosis inducing potential of quercetin against a wide range of human malignancies

Figures & data

Figure 1. Different sources of Quercetin.

Figure 2. Structure of Quercetin.

Figure 3. Anticancer effects of quercetin.

Figure 4. Mechanisms of action of quercetin against cancers.

Table 1. Anti-cancer mechanisms of quercetin (summarized).

Cancer Types	Dose/Quantity of Quercetin	Cell line	Mechanism involved	References
Gastric Cancer	267 μM	AGS	Reduced growth, reduced proliferation, TRPM7 channel inhibition, Enhanced apoptosis	Kim et al., 2014
Retinoblastoma	0, 25, 75, and 100 μM	Y79	Increased cell viability, cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase, Increased apoptosis	Liu and Zhou, 2017
Cervical cancer	25, 50, 100 μM	HeLa	Increased growth Increased proliferation Reduced colony formation Enhanced apoptosis Enhanced cell DNA damage cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase Reduced cell migration	Sundaram et al., 2019
Gastric cancer	40 μmol/L	MGC-803	Enhanced apoptosis Enhanced necrosis cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase	Qin et al., 2012
Non-small-cell Lung-cancer	10–100 μM	A549 H460	Reduced growth Enhanced apoptosis cell cycle arrest in sub-G1 phase	Mukherjee and Khuda-Bukhsh, 2015
Hepatocellular carcinoma	80, 120 μmol/L	LM3	Reduced tumor cell growth Reduced migration, Reduced invasion Enhanced autophagy cell cycle arrest in S and G2/M phases	Wu et al., 2019
Colon cancer	40, 80 μmol/L	SW480	Enhanced Wnt/β-catenin Reduced cyclin D1, reduced survivin	Shan et al., 2009
Leukaemia	150 μM	HL-60	cell cycle arrest in G(0)/G(1) phase Enhanced apoptosis	Yuan et al., 2012
Hepatocellular carcinoma	400 μM	HepG2 Hep3B	Reduced growth, Reduced proliferation Enhanced apoptosis cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase	Huang et al., 2014
Chorio-carcinoma	50, 100 μM	JAR JEG3	Reduced proliferation cell cycle arrest in the sub-G1 phase Enhanced ROS, Enhanced MMP	Lim et al., 2017
Esophageal cancer	0–10 μM	ESCC	Reduced growth Reduced proliferation Reduced inflammation Reduced pre-neoplastic lesion formation by NMBA	Zhao et al., 2018
Melanoma	0–200 μM	A375SM A375P	Reduced cell viability Reduced growth Reduced proliferation Enhanced morphological and histological changes Enhanced apoptosis	Kim et al., 2019
Glioblastoma	0–100 μM	U87, T98G	Reduced cancer cells growth Reduced Rb phosphorylation, Reduced cyclin D1 Reduced MMP2 Reduced cell migration	Michaud-Levesque et al., 2012
Breast cancer	0–100 μM	BT474	Reduced growth and Reduced clonogenic Enhanced apoptosis Enhanced STAT3	Seo et al., 2016
Teratocarcinoma	70 μM	NT2/D1	Reduced β-catenin nuclear translocation, Reduced transcription factors Expression	Mojsin et al., 2014
Colon cancer	10–75 μM	HT29	Level of β-catenin in HT29 cells remained unaffected	Pahlke et al., 2006
Gastric cancer stem cell	20, 100 μM	MGC803	Reduced apoptosis via mitochondrial- dependent pathway	Shen et al., 2016
Oral cancer	100 μM	SCC25	Reduced Hsp70 expression changes in EMT Enhanced apoptosis in drugresistant Cells	Chen et al., 2012
Gastric cancer	20 and 40 μM	SGC-7901 MGC-803	Reduced cell viability Enhanced apoptosis cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase Enhanced ROS	Zhu et al., 2017
Prostate cancer	40 μM	PC3, LNCaP ARPE-19	Reduced cell viability Enhanced apoptosis cell cycle arrest in G1 phase ↓cell migration	Erdogan et al., 2018
Canine osteosarcoma	0 to 100 μM	D‐17, DSN	Reduced proliferation, Enhanced MMP, Enhanced ROS Reduced free cytosolic calcium cell cycle arrest in G1 phase	Ryu et al., 2019
Cholangiocarcinoma	20 to 100 μM	KKU100, KKUM139 KKU-M213	Reduced STAT1/3 phosphorylation Reduced iNOS, Reduced ICAM-1 Reduced growth, Reduced migration Reduced activity	Senggunpraiet al., 2014
Cervical cancer	0 to 100 μM	Caski, Hela Siha	Reduced cancer cells proliferation, Reduced invasion, Enhanced apoptosis, Enhanced autophagy, Reduced xenograft growth and fdevelopment, cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase	Luo et al., 2016
Breast cancer	10, 20, 40 μM	4T1	Enhanced apoptosis Reduced cancer cell viability	Kim et al., 2013
Cervical cancer	25, 50, 100 μM	HeLa	cell cycle arrest in G (0)/G (1) phase, anti-proliferative Reduced apoptosis	Xiang et al., 2014