A concept analysis of creative activities as intervention in occupational therapy

Figures & data

Table 1. The eight stages of a concept analysis organized to the format of the article.

Article structure	The stages in the Concept analysis^a
Background	1. Concept selection.
Aim	2. Determine the aims or purpose of analysis.
Method: Selection of studies and analysis	3. Identifying uses of the concept (applying PRISMA guidelines^b for systematic reviews 1–14).
Results	4. Determine the defining attributes.
	5. Identify a model case.
	6. Identification of a borderline, related, contrary, invented and illegitimate cases.
	7. Identify antecedents and consequences of the concept.
	8. Define empirical referents (Replaced with a validation process with a reference panel).

^aAccording to Walker and Avant [37] with modifications for this study.

^bMoher et al. [38].

Figure 1. Selection of studies according to PRISMA (Moher et al. [38]).

Table 2. Description of the 15 included studies on Creative activities in intervention.

Article	Country of origin	Context/ Study field/ study group	Study method and analysis	Measures
Caddy et al. [40]	Australia	Mental health Acute inpatient psychiatry	Quantitative Statistical analysis	Four different clinical assessment tools
Griffiths [41]	UK	Mental health	Qualitative Grounded theory	Observation and semi-structured interviews
Griffiths and Corr [42]	UK	Mental health	Qualitative Grounded theory	38-item questionnaire
Gunnarsson and Björklund [43]	Sweden	Mental health Outpatient psychiatric care	Quantitative Statistical analysis-	Self-rating questionnaires.
Haltiwanger et al. [44]	USA	Cancer Inpatient	Qualitative Thematic analysis.	Individual and group interviews, group reflections, and field observations,
Harris [45]	Australia	Mental health Inpatient	Qualitative Narrative analysis	Narrative inquiry
Henare et al. [46]	New Zealand	Pain management programme, group setting	Qualitative Phenomenology methodology	Art and narrative inquiry
Hickey [47]	UK	Mental health Psychiatric intensive care units.	Qualitative Thematic analysis	Semi- structured interviews
Horghagen et al. [48]	Norway	Polio, epilepsy, tuberculosis and psychiatric diseases. Inpatients.	Qualitative Textual analysis	In- depth interviews
Horghagen et al. [49]	Norway	Mental health centres	Qualitative Paradigmatic analysis	Ethnography
La Cour et al. [50]	Sweden	Palliative care	Qualitative Phenomenologic analysis	Interviews
Müllersdorf and Ivarsson [51]	Sweden	Occupational therapists in in different areas of health	Quantitative Descriptive statistics	Web-mail survey
Mullersdorf and Ivarsson [52]	Sweden	Occupational therapists in different areas of health	Quantitative Descriptive statistics	Web- mail survey
Reynolds and Prior [53]	UK	Women, rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis.	Qualitative Interpretative phenomenological analysis	Interviews and written narrative
Schmid [54]	Australia	OT practitioners, rehabilitation, mental health and Hospice	Qualitative Thematic analysis.	Interview

Figure 2. Analysis and co-analysis process.

Table 3. The ratings of agreement among the participants in the reference panel.

	Panellists
Questions for validating the CaI*	I	II	III	IV	V	VI	VII	Median
How relevant is a definition of the concept: creative activities used as an intervention?
For research	6	5	7	6	7	7	6	6
For practice	6	7	7	6	5	7	6	6
For clients	5	6	4	2	2	7	5	5
To what extent has the conceptual definition given you a better understanding of the concept of creative activities, used as an intervention?	6	7	5	5	5	7	6	6
To what extent are the described model cases meaningful?	4	4	6	6	7	7	7	6
Is the model case recognisable as a creative activity as used in occupational therapy interventions?	4	3	6	7	6	7	7	6
Is the contrary case recognisable as a creative activity as used in occupational therapy interventions?	1	2	2	4	4	3	2	2
To what extent do you think that the attributes occupational therapists attach to creative activities, used as an intervention, were clarified?	5	6	7	5	6	5	3	5
To what extent do you consider that the conceptual definition of creative activities, used as intervention, can be used in clinical practice in occupational therapy?	4	7	6	5	6	6	4	6

*Rating agreement from 1) to a very small extent to 7) to a great extent.

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