Participation of children with long-term health conditions compared to that of healthy peers: A cross-sectional comparative study

Figures & data

Table 1. Descriptive data regarding gender, age, type of community, and TQQ results for both groups.

	Group 1	Group 2
	Long-term health conditions (n = 65)	Healthy (n = 65)
	n (%)	n (%)
Gender
Girls	41 (63.1)	40 (41.5)
Boys	24 (36.9)	25 (38.5)
Age (years; months) (Mean ± SD)	11.3 ± 3.1	10.7 ± 2.7
Type of community
Urban	27 (41.5)	26 (40.0)
Rural	38 (58.5)	39 (60.0)
TQQ (Mean ± SD)	0 (0)	0 (0)

Table 2. Comparison of the PMP-C attendance of participation for both groups.

	Group 1			Group 2
	Long-term health conditions (n = 65)			Healthy (n = 65)
Activity item in PMP-C (Simplified)	Min-Max	Mean	SD	Min-Max	Mean	SD	p-value
1. Personal care	2.00–4.00	3.63	0.72	2.00–4.00	3.75	0.50	.606
2. Family mealtime	2.00–4.00	3.74	0.59	2.00–4.00	3.74	0.51	.635
3. My own health	1.00–4.00	2.98	0.80	1.00–4.00	3.20	0.85	.099
4. Gathering supplies	1.00–4.00	2.29	0.82	1.00–4.00	2.88	0.86	.000*
5. Meal preparation	1.00–4.00	1.92	0.84	1.00–4.00	2.60	0.97	.000*
6. Cleaning at home	1.00–4.00	2.71	0.82	1.00–4.00	3.28	0.82	.000*
7. Caring for family	1.00–4.00	2.62	0.95	1.00–4.00	3.22	0.82	.000*
8. Caring for animals/pets	1.00–4.00	1.88	1.04	1.00–4.00	2.68	1.21	.000*
9. Family time	1.00–4.00	3.23	0.86	2.00–4.00	3.43	0.68	.244
10. Celebrations	1.00–4.00	2.58	0.92	1.00–4.00	2.97	0.94	.015*
11. Playing with others	1.00–4.00	3.03	0.87	1.00–4.00	3.42	0.77	.008*
12. Organized leisure	1.00–4.00	2.69	0.98	1.00–4.00	2.71	1.06	.862
13. Quiet leisure	1.00–4.00	3.06	0.81	1.00–4.00	3.22	0.88	.198
14. Spiritual activities	1.00–4.00	1.29	0.61	1.00–4.00	1.63	0.84	.010*
15. Shopping	1.00–4.00	2.63	0.88	1.00–4.00	3.18	0.85	.000*
16. Social activities	1.00–4.00	1.95	0.94	1.00–4.00	2.42	1.06	.013*
17. Health centre	1.00–4.00	2.46	0.71	1.00–4.00	2.25	0.79	.033*
18. School	2.00–4.00	3.78	0.45	3.00–4.00	3.94	0.24	.019*
19. Trips and visits	1.00–4.00	1.60	0.79	1.00–4.00	2.12	0.94	.001*
20. Employment	1.00–3.00	1.29	0.55	1.00–4.00	1.43	0.81	.616
Total attendance	1.80–3.30	2.58	0.33	2.00–3.75	2.89	0.41	.000*

*p < 0.05.

Table 3. Comparison of the PMP-C involvement of participation for both groups.

	Group 1			Group 2
	Long-term health conditions (n = 65)			Healthy (n = 65)
Activity item in PMP-C (Simplified)	Min-Max	Mean	SD	Min-Max	Mean	SD	p-value
1. Personal care	1.00–3.00	2.65	0.57	1.00–3.00	2.83	0.38	0.052
2. Family mealtime	1.00–3.00	2.74	0.57	1.00–3.00	2.74	0.48	0.643
3. My own health	1.00–3.00	2.32	0.79	1.00–3.00	2.43	0.71	0.504
4. Gathering supplies	1.00–3.00	2.09	0.79	1.00–3.00	2.29	0.74	0.142
5. Meal preparation	1.00–3.00	1.86	0.81	1.00–3.00	2.23	0.82	0.011*
6. Cleaning at home	1.00–3.00	2.23	0.81	1.00–3.00	2.52	0.64	0.039*
7. Caring for family	1.00–3.00	2.23	0.77	1.00–3.00	2.35	0.72	0.368
8. Caring for animals/pets	1.00–3.00	1.66	0.87	1.00–3.00	2.03	0.87	0.014*
9. Family time	1.00–3.00	2.63	0.57	1.00–3.00	2.51	0.69	0.358
10. Celebrations	1.00–3.00	2.43	0.75	1.00–3.00	2.34	0.82	0.569
11. Playing with others	1.00–3.00	2.52	0.71	1.00–3.00	2.55	0.66	0.899
12. Organized leisure	1.00–3.00	2.34	0.80	1.00–3.00	2.08	0.89	0.094
13. Quiet leisure	1.00–3.00	2.52	0.69	1.00–3.00	2.48	0.64	0.518
14. Spiritual activities	1.00–3.00	1.23	0.58	1.00–3.00	1.29	0.58	0.325
15. Shopping	1.00–3.00	2.29	0.74	1.00–3.00	2.47	0.71	0.127
16. Social activities	1.00–3.00	1.92	0.87	1.00–3.00	2.02	0.87	0.546
17. Health centre	1.00–3.00	1.78	0.80	1.00–3.00	2.05	0.76	0.053
18. School	1.00–3.00	2.75	0.56	1.00–3.00	2.75	0.53	0.868
19. Trips and visits	1.00–3.00	1.51	0.79	1.00–3.00	1.74	0.83	0.078
20. Employment	1.00–3.00	1.32	0.71	1.00–3.00	1.28	0.60	0.978
Total involvement	1.55–2.75	2.15	0.26	1.45–2.90	2.24	0.37	0.189

* p < 0.05.

Table 4. Proportion of children who selected each activity item as one of the three most important activities.

	Group 1 Long-term health conditions (n = 65)	Group 2 Healthy (n = 65)	All (n = 130)
Activity item in PMP-C (Simplified)	(%)	(%)	(%)
1. School	12.8	14.9	14.1
2. Personal care	11.3	16.4	13.8
3. My own health	10.3	7.2	8.7
4. Family mealtime	6.7	9.2	7.9
5. Cleaning at home	5.6	9.7	7.7
6. Caring for family	5.1	7.7	6.4
7. Family time	7.2	5.1	6.2
8. Playing with others	7.2	3.6	5.4
9. Organized leisure	4.1	6.7	5.4
10. Quiet leisure	5.1	3.6	4.4
11. Caring for animals/pets	3.6	3.6	3.6
12. Trips and visits	4.6	2.1	3.3
13. Gathering supplies	2.1	3.6	2.8
14. Shopping	4.6	1.0	2.8
15. Meal preparation	2.6	1.5	2.1
16. Celebrations	2.6	1.0	1.8
17. Social activities	1.5	1.5	1.5
18. Health centre	0.5	1.5	1.0
19. Employment	2.1	0	1.0
20. Spiritual activities	0.5	0	0.3
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0