Effect of an alien turtle predator on movement activity of European brown frog tadpoles

Figures & data

Figure 1. This figure illustrates the distance moved (DM). The dotted line shows the real path of the tadpole. The turn angle (TA) equals the average direction of movement during the last sample interval relative to the average direction of movement during the previous sample interval.

Table I. Results of the two-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) analysing the crossed effects of predator cues from Trachemys scripta and conspecific cues on tadpoles’ activity. df = 1,116 in all cases.

Effect	Total path length		Absolute turn angle		Absolute meander		Absolute angular velocity
	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p
Predator cues	4.382	0.038	6.5	0.012	5.456	0.021	0.075	0.785
Group	0.043	0.836	1.934	0.167	0.673	0.414	1.975	0.163
Predator cues × Group	4.981	0.028	2.294	0.133	0.225	0.636	8.632	0.004

Figure 2. Graphical summary of tadpole parameters in all experimental conditions (mean values and 95% confidential intervals): A, total path length (TPL), B, absolute turn angle (ATA), C, absolute meander (AM), and D, absolute angular velocity (AAV).