Potential biological mechanisms underlying the endangered status of Glehnia littoralis revealed by nrDNA ITS and RAPD analyses

Figures & data

Figure 1. Haplotype distribution and relationships of the 11 populations of Glehnia littoralis. https://map.baidu.com/13438994,4328487,12z

Note: Circles represent sampling locations. H1, H2, and H3 represent different haplotypes detected.

Table 1. Details of all the populations of Glehnia littoralis.

Population	Location	Number of samples		Longitude（E）	Latitude（N）
		For ITS	For RAPD
LNXC	Xingcheng, Liaoning	7	17	120°48′36″	40°30′36″
LNWFD	Wafangdian, Liaoning	14	32	121°31′48″	39°41′24″
HBQHD	Qinhuangdao, Hebei	12	33	119°18′	39°37′12″
LNZH	Zhuanghe, Liaoning	18	32	122°57′35″	39°31′12″
LNCHI	Changhai, Liaoning	11	32	122°40′12″	39°15′36″
LNCHII	Changhai, Liaoning	14	32	122°19′12″	39°10′12″
LNCHIII	Changhai, Liaoning	10	14	122°38′47″	39°16′25″
SDHY	Haiyang, Shandong	15	30	121°15′	36°41′24″
SDRZ	Rizhao, Shandong	18	32	119°34′48″	35°26′24″
ZJZS	Zhoushan, Zhejiang	11	32	122°24′36″	29°52′48″
LNBYQ	Bayuquan, Liaoning	5	5	122°4′12″	40°12′36″

Table 2. RAPD primer sequences, number of loci and number of polymorphic loci.

Primer code	Sequence(5′-3′)	Number of loci	Number of polymorphic loci	Rate of polymorphic loci
S83	GAGCCCTCCA	10	9	90.00%
S84	AGCGTGTCTG	10	8	80.00%
S85	CTGAGACGGA	9	7	77.78%
S87	GAACCTGCGG	7	5	71.43%
S89	CTGACGTCAC	8	7	87.50%
S92	CAGCTCACGA	7	6	85.71%
S94	GGATGAGACC	10	9	90.00%
S95	ACTGGGACTC	6	5	83.33%
S96	AGCGTCCTCC	6	4	66.67%
S98	GGCTCATGTG	6	5	83.33%
Total	--	79	65	82.28%

Table 3. Information of variation loci of ITS haplotypes in Glehnia littoralis.

Haplotype	519 bp	535 bp
H1	G	G
H2	T	G
H3	G	A

Table 4. Haplotype distribution and haplotype diversity in 11 populations of Glehnia littoralis.

Population	Number of individuals for each haplotype			Haplotype number	Haplotype diversity (Hd)	Nucleotide diversity (Pi)
	H1	H2	H3
LNXC	7	7	1	3	0.600	0.00106
LNWFD	13	12	2	3	0.670	0.00128
HBQHD	12	11	1	3	0.562	0.00096
LNZH	18	1	13	3	0.534	0.00089
LNCHI	13	3	9	3	0.620	0.00114
LNCHII	11	0	10	2	0.526	0.00084
LNCHIII	10	7	2	3	0.608	0.00110
SDHY	15	6	3	3	0.554	0.00099
SDRZ	18	5	2	3	0.467	0.00080
ZJZS	11	0	0	1	0	0
LNBYQ	3	3	0	2	0.600	0.00096
Total	131	55	43	–	–	–

Table 5. Genetic diversity of each population of Glehnia littoralis.

Populations	Na*	Ne*	H*	I*
SDHY	2.60	2.04	0.49	0.78
HBQHD	2.60	1.76	0.39	0.67
LNCHII	2.29	1.67	0.37	0.59
LNCHI	1.62	1.17	0.13	0.22
LNCHIII	1.43	1.31	0.17	0.25
LNWFD	1.52	1.34	0.19	0.28
LNZH	2.50	1.76	0.41	0.66
LNBYQ	2.33	1.99	0.48	0.74
LNXC	2.43	2.07	0.50	0.77
ZJZS	2.14	1.62	0.30	0.49
SDRZ	2.62	1.91	0.42	0.70

* Na, Observed number of alleles.

* Ne, Effective number of alleles.

* H, Nei’s gene diversity index.

* I, Shannon's Information index.

Figure 2. Dendrograms based on genetic distances of Glehnia littoralis populations. Phylogenetic tree based on ITS sequences (a) and RAPD (b).