Who owns the international Internet networks?

Figures & data

Table 1 – Company Centralities.

Company	Links	Degree	Share	Eigen	Between
Alestra	1	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
AT&T	21	2.25	0.08	30.08	0.80
ATM S.A.	0	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Atrato	7	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.02
Axtel	1	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Beeline	8	0.00	0.00	0.02	0.54
Bell Canada	2	0.01	0.00	0.04	0.01
Bestel	1	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00
Bharti	11	0.01	0.00	0.03	0.33
BICS	5	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.07
BroadbandOne	25	0.11	0.00	0.52	0.91
BSO	0	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
BT	6	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.11
Cable & Wireless	18	0.02	0.00	0.13	0.42
CAT	0	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
CenturyLink	25	2.49	0.09	33.61	0.56
China Telecom	5	0.24	0.01	1.14	0.15
China Unicom	1	0.09	0.00	0.43	0.00
Chunghwa	0	0.00	0.00	0.02	0.00
Claranet	0	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Cogent	62	1.92	0.07	27.46	4.06
Colt	0	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Columbus	15	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.03
Comcast	0	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Cox	0	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Cytanet	0	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
DT	19	0.14	0.01	0.66	0.72
Elion	2	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01
Embratel	1	0.02	0.00	0.15	0.00
Etisalat	7	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.05
euNet	0	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Exatel	1	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
France Tel	20	0.00	0.00	0.02	0.23
Global Transit	2	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.02
GlobalNet	25	0.04	0.00	0.25	0.94
GTS	4	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.04
Hrvatski Telekom	2	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Hurricane Electric	63	1.34	0.05	13.41	4.86
Hutchison	5	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.05
IFX	0	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Init7	32	0.08	0.00	0.41	0.72
Integra Tel	0	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Inteliquent	56	0.16	0.01	0.82	2.27
Internap	0	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Internet Initiative	12	0.42	0.02	1.87	0.14
Internexa	1	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Internode	0	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Interoute	26	0.03	0.00	0.24	0.76
Kazakhtelecom	2	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
KDDI	8	0.41	0.01	1.82	0.15
KPN	17	0.11	0.00	0.53	0.24
KT	2	0.02	0.00	0.09	0.04
Lattelecom	4	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.04
Level 3	94	6.42	0.22	120.66	5.97
LG	1	0.08	0.00	0.45	0.00
LinxTel	1	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
M247	0	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Mango	1	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
MegaFon	5	0.01	0.00	0.03	0.30
MegaPath	0	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
MTS	3	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01
New World	0	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
NTT	51	1.18	0.04	10.57	2.91
Obit	17	0.03	0.00	0.19	0.42
Oi	1	0.00	0.00	0.02	0.00
OTEGLOBE	4	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.03
Pacnet	10	0.16	0.01	0.71	0.18
Pakistan Tel	2	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Pantel	4	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.04
PCCW	33	0.18	0.01	0.80	1.72
PLDT	1	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Portugal Tel	6	0.00	0.00	0.02	0.02
Qatar Tel	2	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Reliance	18	0.29	0.01	1.31	0.53
RETN	42	0.23	0.01	1.13	2.50
Rogers	5	0.01	0.00	0.04	0.02
Rostelecom	9	0.01	0.00	0.03	0.44
Saudi Tel	8	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.04
Sidera	0	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
SingTel	13	0.01	0.00	0.10	0.49
SK	1	0.06	0.00	0.29	0.00
Slovak Tel	1	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Softbank	3	0.04	0.00	0.15	0.02
Sprint	34	0.35	0.01	1.76	1.15
StarHub	4	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01
sunrise	1	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Superonline	3	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01
Swisscom	22	0.04	0.00	0.23	0.36
Tata	64	0.99	0.03	11.65	2.27
TDC	5	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00
TelArgentina	0	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Telefonica	18	0.03	0.00	0.25	0.30
TelEgypt	2	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
TeliaSonera	56	2.44	0.09	31.99	2.98
TelItalia	66	0.95	0.03	9.26	3.39
Telkom SA	7	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01
TelMalaysia	7	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.29
Telmex	1	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
TelN.Z.	2	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
TelSrbija	4	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01
Telstra	26	1.04	0.04	9.51	0.66
TELUS	6	0.47	0.02	2.35	0.17
TIG	2	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
TPSA	0	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Transtelco	1	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Transworld	1	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
TTK	5	0.01	0.00	0.03	0.30
Turk	7	0.00	0.00	0.03	0.06
Tw	2	0.65	0.02	8.94	0.01
Verizon	27	2.02	0.07	26.86	0.78
Vivacom	2	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01
XO	27	1.06	0.04	14.19	0.04
Zayo	0	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Mean	11.98	0.25	0.01	3.21	0.47
SD	17.61	0.78	0.03	12.96	1.00

Note: Links, number of countries linked; Degree, normalized degree; Eigen, normalized eigenvector centrality; Between, normalized betweenness centrality.

Figure 1 – International Internet Ownership Network by Company.

Note: The size of the nodes is its total bandwidth. Link strength is line thickness. Color represents country, USA red, China yellow, Sweden teal, India purple, Japan blue, Korea brown, UK magenta, Germany light green, Canada orange, Italy dark green, Brazil light blue, and Russia pink.

Table 2 – Country Centralities.

Country	Links	Degree	Share	Eigen	Between
Belgium	14	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.23
Brazil	10	0.03	0.00	0.08	0.00
Bulgaria	10	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.07
Canada	14	0.49	0.03	1.63	0.06
China	21	1.51	0.10	6.80	2.00
France	17	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.35
Germany	25	0.15	0.01	0.47	2.02
Greece	9	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.07
Hungary	11	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.09
India	31	1.03	0.07	5.93	4.48
Italy	40	1.20	0.07	5.47	10.45
Japan	32	1.55	0.10	7.61	4.62
Korea	10	0.14	0.01	0.64	0.01
Latvia	8	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01
Malaysia	16	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.61
Mexico	6	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00
Netherlands	22	0.12	0.01	0.36	0.91
Poland	11	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.10
Portugal	13	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.08
Russia	33	0.27	0.02	0.91	8.03
Saudi Arabia	11	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.13
Serbia	8	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.04
Singapore	16	0.01	0.00	0.06	0.79
South Africa	10	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01
Spain	16	0.04	0.00	0.12	0.41
Sweden	35	2.56	0.16	16.15	5.99
Switzerland	25	0.12	0.00	0.37	1.90
Taiwan	6	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00
Turkey	9	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.02
UAE	11	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.13
UK	33	0.36	0.02	1.10	4.94
USA	43	6.05	0.39	139.87	15.16
Mean	18.00	0.49	0.03	5.86	1.99
SD	10.64	1.18	0.08	24.69	3.56

Note: Listed countries > 0.0 on any centrality measure; Links, number of countries linked; Degree, normalized degree; Eigen, normalized eigenvector centrality; Between, normalized betweenness centrality.

Figure 2 – Two-mode International Internet Ownership Network.

Note: Blue indicates the companies aggregated to the national level, red the countries they serve. The size of the nodes is its total bandwidth. The shown links are all equal to or greater than the mean link strength. The companies of a country, shown here, connect at least two countries.