Entangled agencies and embedded preferences: National Regulatory Agencies in multi-level European governance

Figures & data

Graph 1. Previously held positions by EA’s board members.

Table 1. Correlation coefficients board member backgrounds (N = 1073).

	National agency	Ministry	EU	Private firm
National agency	–
Ministry	−0.278*	–
EU	−0.048	−0.169*	–
Private firm	0.192*	−0.118*	0.000	–

*p < 0.01.

Graph 2. Sector of current occupation in addition to EU agency board membership.

Table 2. Current working status controlled by current sector (percentages in brackets).

	Currently civil servant	Currently working in an agency
Public sector EU	121 (14%)	21 (6%)
Public sector National	712 (85%)	333 (92%)
No data/other^a	5 (1%)	7 (2%)
Total	838	362

^a ‘Other’ includes private, third and education sector.

Table 3. Background of EU agencies board members by appointing authorities in 2015.

Appointing authority	National public sector	EU public sector	Private sector	Third sector	Higher education	Totals^a
Council	60	4	3	0	3	70
Parliament	2	4	1	0	5	14
Commission	2	57	0	0	0	60
EU agencies	9	42	0	0	0	51
Member states	636	11	7	4	14	698
Stakeholders	10	3	13	149	2	177
	720	122	24	154	24	1073

^a No data (n = 26) and other sectors (n = 3) are not reported.

Graph 3. Positions held by board members EU agencies with a regulatory task.

Graph 4. Board members with various previous positions across regulatory EU agencies with various tasks.

Table 4. Correlation coefficients board member background and EU agency tasks (N = 1073).

	Regulation	Information	Coordination	Policy advice	Decision-making
Agency	0.338*	0.015	−0.031	0.263*	0.280*
Ministry	−0.134*	0.059	0.020	−0.052	−0.042
EU	0.028	−0.096*	−0.107*	−0.011	0.039
Private firm	0.103*	0.029	−0.035	0.079	0.111*

*p < 0.01.

Table A1. Previous positions held by agency board members per EU agency.

Agency acronym	Task	National agency	Ministry	Private firm	EU	Other	Board (total)
ACER	Energy	1	3	4	4	5	9
BEREC	Telecommunications	25	2	7	2	1	27
CdT	Translation	1	13	0	25	1	73
CEDEPOF	Vocational Training	6	26	3	6	61	90
CEPOL	Law enforcement training	1	26	1	0	12	28
CPVO	Plant Variety	11	18	0	1	2	29
EASA	Aviation Safety	24	8	3	4	3	31
EBA	Banking	7	0	0	4	1	8
ECDC	Disease control	11	22	0	7	12	33
ECHO	Civil protection and humanitarian aid	10	22	4	8	4	36
EDA	Defense	0	27	2	0	3	27
EEA	Environmental	11	20	4	5	3	32
EFCA	Fisheries	15	20	0	8	2	34
EFSA	Food safety	9	8	4	5	8	15
EIGEN	Gender equality	1	17	1	3	1	19
EIOPA	Insurance and Pensions	6	1	3	2	0	7
EMEA	Medicines	26	11	9	8	7	32
EMCDDA	Monitor drug addiction	10	22	1	6	3	32
EMSA	Maritime safety	21	14	5	4	9	32
ENISA	Cybersecurity	9	16	6	2	6	26
ERA	Railways	11	21	5	3	9	37
ESMA	Securities and markets	8	0	2	2	1	9
ETF	Training	2	27	1	2	4	30
EULISA	Data management for border control	1	10	3	3	2	30
EUOSHA	Safety & Health at work	9	27	9	4	42	87
EUROFOUND	Living & Working conditions	5	27	5	14	59	86
EUROJUST	Justice	3	23	3	2	3	26
EUROPOL	Police	0	27	0	1	2	27
FRA	Fundamental Rights	7	11	0	7	22	30
FRONTEX	Borders’ control	0	26	0	3	2	28
GSA	Satellite navigation	11	15	6	6	5	31
OHIM	Property rights	18	11	1	2	1	28
SRB	Single Resolution Board	6	0	5	1	0	6
Totals		286	521	97	154	296	1075

Table A2. Tasks of regulatory and non-regulatory agencies.

Agency acronym	Regulatory agency	Information	Network coordination	Policy advice	Decision-making
ACER	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
BEREC	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
CdT	No	No	No	No	No
CEDEPOF	No	Yes	Yes	No	No
CEPOL	No	Yes	Yes	No	No
CPVO	Yes	No	No	No	Yes
EASA	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
EBA	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
ECDC	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
ECHO	No	No	No	No	No
EDA	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
EEA	Yes	Yes	No	No	No
EFCA	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
EFSA	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
EIGEN	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
EIOPA	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
EMEA	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No
EMCDDA	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
EMSA	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
ENISA	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
ERA	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
ESMA	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
ETF	No	No	Yes	No	No
EULISA	No	No	Yes	No	No
EUOSHA	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
EUROFOUND	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
EUROJUST	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
EUROPOL	No	Yes	Yes	No	No
FRA	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
FRONTEX	No	Yes	Yes	No	No
GSA	No	No	No	No	Yes
OHIM	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
SRB	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes