EU sectoral integration in the Eastern Neighbourhood: the case of Frontex-Moldova relations in border management

Figures & data

Table 1. Avenues and circles of EU sectoral integration.

		Avenues of integration
		Knowledge	Practices	Institutions	Rules
Circles of integration	‘EU membership’	✓	✓	✓	✓
	Differentiated integration	✓	✓	✓	X
	Operational integration (OI)	✓	✓	X	X
	Functional cooperation	✓/X	X	X	X

Table 2. Features and circles of EU sectoral integration.

		Features of sectoral integration
		Local ownership	Cross-fertilisation
Circles of integration	Operational integration (OI)	✓	✓
	Differentiated integration	X	✓
	Functional cooperation	✓	X

Table

Interviewee #1:	Official of the Mission of the Republic of Moldova to the European Union, interviewed online on September 22nd, 2019.
Interviewee #2:	Official of the Directorate-General for Neighbourhood and Enlargement Negotiations of the European Commission, interviewed online on September 25th, 2019.
Interviewee #3:	Official of the Moldovan Customs Service, interviewed on October 1st, 2019, in Chisinau, Moldova.
Interviewee #4:	Local official of the Moldovan office of ICMPD, interviewed on October 2nd, 2019, in Chisinau, Moldova.
Interviewee #5:	Official of the Delegation of the European Union to the Republic of Moldova, interviewed on October 2nd, 2019, in Chisinau, Moldova.
Interviewee #6:	Official of the International Cooperation Directorate of the Moldovan Border Police on duty at the international airport in Chisinau, interviewed on October 3rd, 2019, in Chisinau, Moldova.
Interviewee #7:	Official of the training unit of the Moldovan Border Police, interviewed on October 3rd, 2019, in Chisinau, Moldova.
Interviewee #8:	Official of the Moldovan Border Police deployed to the international airport in Chisinau, interviewed on October 3rd, 2019, in Chisinau, Moldova.
Interviewee #9:	Official of the training unit of Frontex, interviewed online on November 2nd, 2019.
Interviewee #10:	Official of Frontex, interviewed online on June 13th, 2022.