Predicting exercise after university: an application of the reasoned action approach across a significant life transition

Figures & data

Table 1. Sample characteristics.

Characteristic	Time 1 (N = 136)	Time 2 (N = 84)
Age, M (SD)	23.29 (4.05)	23.08 (3.94)
Gender, n (%) Male Female	55 (40%) 81 (60%)	32 (38%) 52 (62%)
Nationality, n (%) British Asian North & South American European Indian Missing	107 (79%) 14 (10%) 5 (4%) 8 (6%) 1 (1%) 1 (1%)	71 (84%) 5 (6%) 3 (4%) 5 (6%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
Ethnicity, n (%) White Asian/Asian British Other Missing	113 (83%) 15 (11%) 6 (4%) 2 (2%)	74 (88%) 5 (6%) 3 (4%) 2 (2%)
Study level, n (%) Undergraduate Postgraduate	98 (72%) 38 (28%)	61 (73%) 23 (27%)

Table 2. Means, standard deviations and correlations between the study variables (N = 136).

Variable		2.	3.	4.	5.	6.	7.	8.	9.	10.	11.	Mean	SD
1.	Experiential Attitude	.67***	.43***	-.07	.18*	.41***	.32***	.37***	.62***	.67***	.25*	5.80	1.33
2.	Instrumental Attitude		.46***	.01	.25**	.30***	.24**	.14	.36***	.67***	.10	6.52	0.79
3.	Injunctive Norm			.16	.28**	.20*	.05	.04	.21*	.39***	-.06	5.62	1.48
4.	Descriptive Norm				.21*	.20*	-.08	-.05	-.11	.04	-.07	4.00	1.17
5.	Autonomy					.68***	.05	.11	.17	.51***	-.02	5.16	1.43
6.	Capacity						.12	15	.25**	.50***	-.01	5.17	1.32
7.	Past Exercise Behaviour							.35***	.63***	.37***	.47***	1.93	1.74
8.	Habit Strength								.68***	.30***	.51***	3.46	1.79
9.	Self-Identity									.59***	.57***	4.40	1.94
10.	Intention										.27*	5.85	1.26
11.	Time 2 Exercise Behaviour ^a											1.76	1.87

Note. * p < .05. ** p < .01. *** p < .001. ^a n = 84

Table 3. Summary of hierarchical regression analysis for variables predicting intention (N = 136).

Step	Variable	B	SE	ß
1.	Experiential Attitude	0.43	0.08	.44***
	Instrumental Attitude	0.46	0.12	.30***
	Injunctive Norm	-0.02	0.05	-.03
	Descriptive Norm	-0.01	0.06	-.01
	Autonomy	0.36	0.07	.41***
	Capacity	-0.05	0.08	-.05
2.	Experiential Attitude	0.37	0.08	.39***
	Instrumental Attitude	0.44	0.12	.28***
	Injunctive Norm	-0.01	0.05	-.01
	Descriptive Norm	0.00	0.06	.00
	Autonomy	0.35	0.07	.40***
	Capacity	-0.04	0.08	-.04
	Past Exercise Behaviour	0.12	0.04	.17**
3.	Experiential Attitude	0.23	0.09	.24**
	Instrumental Attitude	0.50	0.11	.32***
	Injunctive Norm	-0.01	0.05	-.02
	Descriptive Norm	0.01	0.06	-.01
	Autonomy	0.32	0.06	.36***
	Capacity	-0.02	0.07	-.02
	Past Exercise Behaviour	0.02	0.05	.03
	Habit Strength	-0.07	0.05	-.10
	Self-Identity	0.22	0.06	.33***

Note. R² = .67 for Step 1, p < .001; ΔR² = .02 for Step 2, p = .002; ΔR² = .03 for Step 3, p = .002. * p < .05. ** p < .01. *** p < .001.

Table 4. Summary of hierarchical regression analysis for variables predicting post-university exercise behaviour.

Step	Variable	B	SE	ß
1.	Intention	0.39	0.15	.27*
2.	Intention	0.61	0.27	.42*
	Experiential Attitude	0.53	0.26	.38*
	Instrumental Attitude	-0.46	0.38	-.20
	Injunctive Norm	-0.30	0.17	-.24
	Descriptive Norm	0.15	0.20	.09
	Autonomy	-0.12	0.23	-.09
	Capacity	-0.35	0.25	-.24
3.	Intention	0.35	0.26	.24
	Experiential Attitude	0.39	0.25	.29
	Instrumental Attitude	-0.34	0.36	-.15
	Injunctive Norm	-0.20	0.16	-.15
	Descriptive Norm	0.21	0.19	.12
	Autonomy	-0.10	0.22	-.08
	Capacity	-0.31	0.23	-.22
	Past Exercise Behaviour	0.39	0.12	.37**
4.	Intention	0.18	0.25	.13
	Experiential Attitude	0.05	0.24	.03
	Instrumental Attitude	-0.01	0.34	-.01
	Injunctive Norm	-0.14	0.15	-.11
	Descriptive Norm	0.22	0.17	.12
	Autonomy	-0.13	0.20	-.09
	Capacity	-0.32	0.21	-.23
	Past Exercise Behaviour	0.12	0.13	.11
	Habit Strength	0.23	0.13	.23
	Self-Identity	0.36	0.17	.38*

Note. R² = .07 for Step 1, p = .01; ΔR² = .13 for Step 2, p = .08; ΔR² = .10 for Step 3, p = .002; ΔR² = .13 for Step 4, p = .001. * p < .05. ** p < .01