Relationships between mastery, forgiveness, optimism, and resilience, and PTSD and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic

Figures & data

Table 1. Means, standard deviations, and correlation between PTSD, anxiety, mastery, forgiveness, optimism, and resilience.

	M	SD	PTSD	Anxiety	Mastery	Forgiveness	Optimism	Resilience
PTSD	2.21	.92		.63**	−.36**	−.35**	−.24**	−.27**
Anxiety	1.78	.69			−.40**	−.39**	−.35**	−.30**
Mastery	5.07	.90				.44**	.41**	.49**
Forgiveness	4.80	.78					.44**	.48**
Optimism	2.66	.70						.52**
Resilience	3.31	.48

**p < .001.

Table 2. Hierarchical multiple regression of cultural group, age, education, financial situation, acquaintance, membership in a high-risk group, having been infected with COVID-19 in the past, mastery, forgiveness, optimism, and resilience with PTSD symptoms and anxiety.

	PTSD symptoms					Anxiety
	Step 1		Step 2		R^2	Step 1		Step 2		R^2
	Sig	β	Sig	β		Sig	β	Sig	β
Ethnicity ^a	<.001	.18	<.001	.13	Step 1	.03	.08	.51	.02	Step 1
Age	<.001	−.14	<.001	−.16	.11**	.03	−.09	.02	−.09	.05**
Education	.14	−.06	.91	.00	Step 2	.17	−.06	.84	.00	Step 2
Financial situation	.09	.06	.68	.01	.24**	.00	.11	.18	.05	.25**
Acquaintance	.002	−.11	<.001	−.13		.052	−.07	.01	−.09
Risk group	<.001	−.14	.004	−.11		.00	−.13	.03	−.08
Infected	.024	−.08	.03	−.07		.20	−.05	.25	−.04
Mastery			<.001	−.21				<.001	−.23
Forgiveness			<.001	−.23				<.001	−.23
Optimism			.71	−.02				<.001	−.17
Resilience			.79	−.01				.347	.04

^aJewish = 1; Arab = 2.

*p < .05. **p < .01.