Does the past dictate the future? Exploring the impact of employability programmes on adults experiencing multiple disadvantage

Figures & data

Figure 1. Sample disadvantage characteristics.

Figure 2. Phases of CCM analysis.

Table 1. GSE scores at T1 with disadvantage as the factor.

Scale	Disadvantage	N	Scores at T1	SD	F
GSE	No/Singular Disadvantage	710	31.2	5.4	5.8*
	Multiple Disadvantage	341	30.0	5.2

NB. * = p< .05, ** = p< .01, *** = p< .001.

Table 2. Changes in participant GSE scores between T1 & T2.

Scale	Time	N	GSE Score	SD	t
GSE	Time 1	163	30.9	5.1	3.3***
	Time 2		32.3	4.3

NB. * = p< .05, ** = p< .01, *** = p< .001.

Table 3. GSE scores at T2 with employment/training outcomes as the factor.

Scale	Employment/Training Outcome	N	Scores at T2	SD	F
GSE	Negative Outcome	32	30.7	4.0	4.5*
	Positive Outcome	63	32.8	4.7

NB. * = p< .05, ** = p< .01, *** = p< .001.

Figure 3. Increasing employability for individuals experiencing multiple disadvantage.

Table

Units of Analysis

Mistake Consequences Mental Health Member of society Unemployed Chances Prison Offending Financial Issues Never-ending cycle Goals Family support Belonging Making a change Uncertainty Low self-esteem Lack of confidence Optimism Strength Nothing to do Boredom Better life Longing No trust

(25) Choices (26) Escape (27) Negative self-image (28) Desire to succeed (29) Regrets (30) Hopelessness (31) Medication (32) Control (33) Homelessness (34) Anxiety (35) Substance Use (36) Mess (37) Motivation (38) Additional support needs (39) Wasted time (40) Violence (41) Trauma (42) Domestic violence (43) Family sickness (44) Barriers (45) Criminal record (46) Benefits (47) Temporary job (48) Develop myself