Porting of a wildfire risk and fire spread application into a cloud computing environment

Abstract

Effective wildfire management is an essential part of forest firefighting strategies to minimize damage to land resources and loss of human lives. Wildfire management tools often require a large number of computing resources at a specific time. Such computing resources are not affordable to local fire agencies because of the extreme upfront costs on hardware and software. The emerging cloud computing technology can be a cost- and result-effective alternative. The purpose of this paper is to present the development and the implementation of a state-of-the-art application running in cloud computing, composed of a wildfire risk and a wildfire spread simulation service. The two above applications are delivered within a web-based interactive platform to the fire management agencies as Software as a Service (SaaS). The wildfire risk service calculates and provides daily to the end-user maps of the hourly forecasted fire risk for the next 112 hours in high spatiotemporal resolution, based on forecasted meteorological data. In addition, actual fire risk is calculated hourly, based on meteorological conditions provided by remote automatic weather stations. Regarding the wildfire behavior simulation service, end users can simulate the fire spread by simply providing the ignition point and the projected duration of the fire, based on the HFire algorithm. The efficiency of the proposed solution is based on the flexibility to scale up or down the number of computing nodes needed for the requested processing. In this context, end users will be charged only for their consumed processing time and only during the actual wildfire confrontation period. The system utilizes both commercial and open source cloud resources. The current prototype is applied in the study area of Lesvos Island, Greece, but its flexibility enables expansion in different geographical areas.

Keywords:

• cloud computing
• forest fires
• risk assessment
• fire behavior
• parallel processing

Acknowledgments

This research was conducted within the European Union co-funded FP7 project VENUS-C (Virtual Multidisciplinary Environments Using Cloud Infrastructures: www.venus-c.eu). We thank three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions that greatly improved an earlier version of the manuscript.

Notes

^1. http://virtualfirepro.aegean.gr

^2. http://meteo.aegean.gr

^3. http://www.bsc.es/

^4. http://www.eng.it/web/eng/home

^5. http://www.kth.se/en

^6. http://opennebula.org

^7. http://www.microsoft.com/silverlight/

^8. http://firerisk.cloudapp.net

^9. https://okeanos.grnet.gr/

^10. http://www.openstack.org/