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Articles

Barriers to equality: why British fathers do not use parental leave

Pages 310-325 | Received 09 May 2016, Accepted 09 Feb 2017, Published online: 24 Mar 2017
 

ABSTRACT

In 2011, the UK passed the Additional Paternity Leave (APL) policy, but less than 1% of eligible fathers took APL in its first year. This study investigates reasons for nonuse of APL. We find four main reasons: financial costs, gendered expectations, perceived workplace resistance, and policy restrictions. First, most fathers emphasized the role of finances in their leave decisions, sometimes taking annual leave for their second week because statutory pay was not enough. Second, both mothers and fathers largely assumed that mothers would take longer maternity leave due to gender differences in earnings and a greater emphasis on maternal over paternal bonding. Third, fathers felt that their workplaces would not be fully supportive of longer leave. Fourth, APL provides low pay and little flexibility. Gender plays a prominent role in each of the four themes. We discuss implications for Shared Parental Leave (SPL), which recently went into effect. Based on our findings, SPL is unlikely to be effective.

RESUMEN

En el 2011 el Reino Unido aprobó la ley de Permiso Laboral Adicional por Paternidad (APL), pero solo el uno por ciento (1%) de los padres elegibles hicieron uso de este permiso durante el primer año de vigencia. Este estudio investiga las razones por las que no se ha hecho uso del permiso. Se encontraron cuatro razones principales: costo financiero, expectaciones del género, resistencia en las percepciones del empleador, y restricciones de la ley en sí. Primero, la mayoría de los padres enfatizaron el rol de sus finanzas en su decisión de tomar el permiso laboral, en algunos casos tomando una segunda semana de sus días libres anuales porque la remuneración del estado no era suficiente. Segundo, las madres y los padres conjuntamente asumen que la madre tomará un permiso laboral por maternidad más largo debido a diferencias en base a género en cuanto a remuneración y énfasis en la conexión maternal sobre la conexión paternal. Tercero, los padres sienten que sus lugares de trabajo no apoyan completamente el permiso adicional. Cuarto, el permiso laboral provee baja paga y poca flexibilidad. El género juega un rol importante en cada una de las cuatro razones. También discutimos las implicaciones de un Permiso Laboral Compartido por Maternidad/Paternidad, que recientemente entró en efecto. En base a nuestra investigación, el permiso compartido tiene baja probabilidad de ser efectivo.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

Note on contributor

Gayle Kaufman is Professor of Sociology and Gender and Sexuality Studies at Davidson College.

Additional information

Funding

This research was supported by the US-UK Fulbright Commission and a Davidson College Faculty Study and Research grant. Research was conducted while the author was a Fulbright Scholar at University of Leicester.

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