Barriers to equality: why British fathers do not use parental leave

References

• Abendroth, A., & den Dulk, L. (2011). Support for the work-life balance in Europe: The impact of state, workplace and family support on work-life balance satisfaction. Work, Employment and Society, 25, 234–256. doi: 10.1177/0950017011398892
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baird, M., & O’Brien, M. (2015). Dynamics of parental leave in Anglophone countries: The paradox of state expansion in the liberal welfare regime. Community, Work & Family, 18, 198–217. doi: 10.1080/13668803.2015.1021755
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker, G. (1991). A treatise on the family. Boston: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bittman, M., England, P., Sayer, L., Folbre, N., & Matheson, G. (2003). When does gender trump money? Bargaining and time in household work. American Journal of Sociology, 109, 186–214. doi: 10.1086/378341
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brady, M., Stevens, E., Coles, L., Zadoroznyj, M., & Martin, B. (2016). 'You can spend time … but not necessarily be bonding with them': Australian fathers' constructions and enactments of infant bonding. Journal of Social Policy, 1–22.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brandth, B., & Kvande, E. (2002). Reflexive fathers: Negotiating parental leave and working life. Gender, Work and Organization, 9, 186–203. doi: 10.1111/1468-0432.00155
   Google Scholar
• Brandth, B., & Kvande, E. (2009). Gendered or gender-neutral care politics for fathers? Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 624, 177–189. doi: 10.1177/0002716209334119
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burnett, S. B., Gatrell, C. J., Cooper, C. L., & Sparrow, P. (2013). Fathers at work: A ghost in the organizational machine. Gender, Work and Organization, 20, 632–646.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bygren, M., & Duvander, A. (2006). Parents’ workplace situation and fathers’ parental leave use. Journal of Marriage and Family, 68, 363–372. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2006.00258.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Callan, S. (2007). Implications of family-friendly policies for organizational culture: Findings from two case studies. Work, Employment and Society, 21, 673–691. doi: 10.1177/0950017007082876
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connolly, S., & Gregory, M. (2008). Moving down: Women’s part-time work and occupational change in Britain 1991-2001. The Economic Journal, 118, F52–F76. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-0297.2007.02116.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cousins, C. R., & Tang, N. (2004). Working time and work and family conflict in the Netherlands, Sweden and UK. Work, Employment and Society, 18, 531–549. doi: 10.1177/0950017004045549
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crompton, R. (2006). Employment and the family: The reconfiguration of work and family life in contemporary societies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dahl, G. B., Løken, K. V., & Mogstad, M. (2014). Peer effects in program participation. American Economic Review, 104, 2049–2074. doi: 10.1257/aer.104.7.2049
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daly, M. (2010). Shifts in family policy in the UK under New Labour. Journal of European Social Policy, 20, 433–443. doi: 10.1177/0958928710380480
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dermott, E. (2008). Intimate fatherhood. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Dermott, E., & Miller, T. (2015). More than the sum of its parts? Contemporary fatherhood policy, practice and discourse. Families, Relationships and Societies, 4, 183–195. doi: 10.1332/204674315X14212269138324
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deven, F., & Moss, P. (2002). Leave arrangements for parents: Overview and future outlook. Community, Work & Family, 5, 237–255. doi: 10.1080/1366880022000041766
   Google Scholar
• Duvander, A. (2014). How long should parental leave be? Attitudes to gender equality, family, and work as determinants of women’s and men’s parental leave in Sweden. Journal of Family Issues, 35, 909–926. doi: 10.1177/0192513X14522242
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duvander, A., & Johansson, M. (2012). What are the effects of reforms promoting fathers’ parental leave use? Journal of European Social Policy, 22, 319–330. doi: 10.1177/0958928712440201
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duvander, A., Lappegård, T., & Andersson, G. (2010). Family policy and fertility: Fathers’ and mothers’ use of parental leave and continued childbearing in Norway and Sweden. Journal of European Social Policy, 20, 45–57. doi: 10.1177/0958928709352541
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Featherstone, B. (2009). Contemporary fathering. Bristol: Policy Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gatrell, C., & Cooper, C. L. (2016). A sense of entitlement? Fathers, mothers and organizational support for family and career. Community, Work & Family, 19, 134–147. doi: 10.1080/13668803.2016.1134121
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geisler, E., & Kreyenfeld, M. (2011). Against all odds: Fathers’ use of parental leave in Germany. Journal of European Social Policy, 21, 88–99. doi: 10.1177/0958928710385732
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gregory, A., & Milner, S. (2008). Fatherhood regimes and father involvement in France and the UK. Community, Work & Family, 11, 61–84. doi: 10.1080/13668800701419391
   Google Scholar
• Gregory, A., & Milner, S. (2011b). What is ‘new’ about fatherhood? The social construction of fatherhood in France and the UK. Men and Masculinities, 14, 588–606. doi: 10.1177/1097184X11412940
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haas, L., Allard, K., & Hwang, C. P. (2002). The impact of organizational culture on men’s use of parental leave in Sweden. Community, Work, & Family, 5, 319–342. doi: 10.1080/1366880022000041801
   Google Scholar
• Hobson, B., Duvander, A., & Halldén, K. (2006). Men and women’s agency and capabilities to create a work–life balance in diverse and changing institutional contexts. In J. Lewis (Ed.), Children, changing families and welfare states (pp. 267–296). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
   Google Scholar
• Hobson, B., Lewis, J., & Siim, B. (2002). Contested concepts in gender and social politics. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
   Google Scholar
• Johansson, E. (2010). The effect of own and spousal parental leave on earnings. (Working Paper). Uppsala: Institute for Labour Market Policy Evaluation.
   Google Scholar
• Johansson, T., & Klinth, R. (2008). Caring fathers: The ideology of gender equality and masculine positions. Men and Masculinities, 11, 42–62. doi: 10.1177/1097184X06291899
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaufman, G., Lyonette, C., & Crompton, R. (2010). Post-birth employment leave among fathers in Britain and the United States. Fathering, 8, 321–340. doi: 10.3149/fth.0803.321
   Google Scholar
• Kilkey, M. (2006). New labour and reconciling work and family life: Making it fathers’ business? Social Policy & Society, 5, 167–175. doi: 10.1017/S147474640500285X
   Google Scholar
• Kilkey, M., Perrons, D., & Plomien, A. (2013). Gender, migration and domestic work: Masculinities, Male labour and fathering in the UK and USA. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Kotsadam, A., & Finseraas, H. (2011). The state intervenes in the battle of the sexes: Causal effects of paternity leave. Social Science Research, 40, 1611–1622. doi: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2011.06.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lappegard, T. (2008). Changing the gender balance in caring: Fatherhood and the division of parental leave in Norway. Population Research and Policy Review, 27, 139–159. doi: 10.1007/s11113-007-9057-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis, J. (2002). The problems of fathers: Policy and behavior. In B. Hobson (Eds.), Making men into fathers: Men, masculinities and the social politics of fatherhood (pp. 125–149). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lewis, J., Knijn, T., Martin, C., & Ostner, I. (2008). Patterns of development in work/family reconciliation policies for parents in France, Germany, the Netherlands, and the UK in the 2000s. Social Politics, 15, 261–286. doi: 10.1093/sp/jxn016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis, S. (1997). ‘Family friendly’ employment policies: A route to changing organizational culture or playing a bout at the margins? Gender, Work & Organization, 4, 13–23. doi: 10.1111/1468-0432.00020
   Google Scholar
• Lyonette, C., Kaufman, G., & Crompton, R. (2011). ‘We both need to work’: Maternal employment, childcare and health care in Britain and the U.S. Work, Employment and Society, 25, 34–50. doi: 10.1177/0950017010389243
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKay, L., & Doucet, A. (2010). Without taking away her leave: A Canadian case study of couples’ decisions on fathers’ use of paid parental leave. Fathering, 8, 300–320. doi: 10.3149/fth.0803.300
   Google Scholar
• Miller, T. (2010). It’s a triangle that’s difficult to square: Men’s intentions and practices around caring, work and first-time fatherhood. Fathering, 8, 362–378. doi: 10.3149/fth.0803.362
   Google Scholar
• Miller, T. (2011). Falling back into gender? Men’s narratives and practices around first-time fatherhood. Sociology, 45, 1094–1109. doi: 10.1177/0038038511419180
   Google Scholar
• Moss, P., & Deven, F. (2015). Leave policies in challenging times: Reviewing the decade 2004-2014. Community, Work & Family, 18, 137–144. doi: 10.1080/13668803.2015.1021094
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naz, G. (2010). Usage of parental leave by fathers in Norway. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 30, 313–325. doi: 10.1108/01443331011054262
   Google Scholar
• O’Brien, M. (2009). Fathers, parental leave policies, and infant quality of life: International perspectives and policy impact. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 624, 190–213. doi: 10.1177/0002716209334349
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Brien, M., & Shemilt, I. (2003). Working fathers: Earning and caring. Manchester: Equal Opportunities Commission.
   Google Scholar
• Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2016). Parental leave: Where are the fathers? Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/policy-briefs/parental-leave-where-are-the-fathers.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Poortman, A., & Van der Lippe, T. (2009). Attitudes toward housework and child care and the gendered division of labor. Journal of Marriage and Family, 71, 526–541. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2009.00617.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ray, R., Gornick, J. C., & Schmitt, J. (2010). Who cares? Assessing generosity and gender equality in parental leave policy designs in 21 countries. Journal of European Social Policy, 20, 196–216. doi: 10.1177/0958928710364434
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero-Balsas, P., Muntanyola-Saura, D., & Rogero-Garcia, J. (2013). Decision-making factors within paternity and parental leaves: Why Spanish fathers take time off from work. Gender, Work and Organization, 20, 678–691.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudman, L. A., & Mescher, K. (2013). Penalizing men who request a family leave: Is flexibility stigma a femininity stigma? Journal of Social Issues, 69, 322–340. doi: 10.1111/josi.12017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schober, P. S. (2014). Parental leave and domestic work of mothers and fathers: A longitudinal study of two reforms in West Germany. Journal of Social Policy, 43, 351–372. doi: 10.1017/S0047279413000809
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seward, R. R., Yeatts, D. E., Zottarelli, L. K., & Fletcher, R. G. (2006). Fathers taking parental leave and their involvement with children. Community, Work & Family, 9, 1–9. doi: 10.1080/13668800500421093
   Google Scholar
• Shirani, F., Henwood, K., & Coltart, C. (2012). Meeting the challenges of intensive parenting culture: Gender, risk management and the moral parent. Sociology, 46, 25–40. doi: 10.1177/0038038511416169
   Google Scholar
• Smith, A. J., & Williams, D. R. (2007). Father-friendly legislation and paternal time across Western Europe. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis, 9, 175–192. doi: 10.1080/13876980701311604
   Google Scholar
• Sundström, M., & Duvander, A. E. (2002). Gender division of childcare and the sharing of parental leave among new parents in Sweden. European Sociological Review, 18, 433–447. doi: 10.1093/esr/18.4.433
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thébaud, S., & Pedulla, D. S. (2016). Masculinity and the stalled revolution: How gender ideologies and norms shape young men’s responses to work-family policies. Gender & Society, 30, 590–617. doi: 10.1177/0891243216649946
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trades Union Congress. (2013). Just one in 172 fathers taking additional paternity leave. London:Author. Retrieved from https://www.tuc.org.uk/workplace-issues/just-one-172-fathers-taking-additional-paternity-leave.
   Google Scholar
• Trades Union Congress. (2015). Two in five new fathers won’t qualify for shared parental leave, says TUC. London: Author. Retrieved from https://www.tuc.org.uk/workplace-issues/just-one-172-fathers-taking-additional-paternity-leave.
   Google Scholar
• West, C., & Zimmerman, D. H. (1987). Doing gender. Gender & Society, 1, 125–151. doi: 10.1177/0891243287001002002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitehouse, G., Diamond, C., & Baird, M. (2007). Fathers’ use of leave in Australia. Community, Work & Family, 10, 387–407. doi: 10.1080/13668800701575002
   Google Scholar