‘Do your own research': affordance activation and disinformation spread

Figures & data

Table 1. Affordance activation across platforms.

	Case 1: Twitter	Case 2: Google Scholar	Case 3: Yandex
Actors: Creators	Co-creator of The Federalist	Writers and editors of The Occidental Quarterly	QAnon supporters
Actors: Users	Twitter followers and their networks	Google Scholar users	People researching the Wayfair conspiracy theory
Frames Activated	Big Tech/ ‘the media’ is biased against conservatives	‘Biological racism’ or ‘race realism’ is accurate	Democrats worship Satan and are trafficking children as part of these rituals.
Data Void (query or phrase that embodies the frame)	#1984	pigmentocracy	SRC USA
Affordances	Hashtags and trending topics	Google Scholar webcrawlers; search	Search Engine with lax content moderation (Yandex)
Evidence	Audiences cannot hashtag 1984	Search for pigmentocracy returns TOQ as a valid academic source (peer-reviewed journal)	SRC on Yandex returns child pornography