The Dutch version of the Oxford Cognitive Screen (OCS-NL): normative data and their association with age and socio-economic status

ABSTRACT

The Oxford Cognitive Screen (OCS) is a screening tool designed for stroke patients, assessing attention, executive functions, language, praxis, numeric cognition and memory. Here we present norms for the two parallel versions of the Dutch OCS (OCS-NL, acquired in 246 participants for version A and a subset of 179 participants for version B. We evaluated the association of age and socio-economic status (i.e. education, income, occupation) with OCS-NL performance There were no systematic performance differences between income groups, nor between manual and non-manual workers. There were small differences between education groups. The association of education and performance did not vary across subtests. The association of age and performance varied across subtests, with the strongest associations for the naming, praxis, verbal memory and executive task. Thus, OCS-NL norms do not need to be stratified on income and occupation and age-specific norms are recommended for some subtests.

KEYWORDS:

• Stroke
• cognition
• socio-economic status
• normative data
• screen

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank students Elien Beerts, Jynthe Levenstond, Evi Van Pottelberghe and Karen De Raeymaecker for their efforts in collecting data.

The data and data-analysis scripts that were used for this study are available on Figshare (10.6084/m9.figshare.8428874.v1, 10.6084/m9.figshare.8428895.v1, 10.6084/m9.figshare.8428910.v1).

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Supplementary materials

Supplemental data for this article can be accessed here.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek [1711717N,G072517N];Stroke Association [TSA LECT 2015/02]; Start-up grant of the KU Leuven [STG-16-00310].