Therapeutic potential of naringin: an overview

Figures & data

Figure 1. Structure of naringin.

Table 1. The expression and activities of proteins and enzymes modulated by naringin.

Pharmacological action	Naringin increase	Reference	Naringin decrease	Reference
Bone regeneration	Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)	Pang et al. 2010; Li et al. 2013b; Wong et al. 2013;	3-Hydroxy-3-methyl CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase	Bharti et al. 2014
	OPG	Pang et al. 2010; Yoon et al. 2012; Wong et al. 2013a, 2013b	Receptor activator NF-κB ligand (RANKL)	Wong et al. 2013; Pang et al. 2010; Ang et al. 2011
	BMPs	Zhang et al. 2009; Habauzit et al. 2011; Yoon et al. 2012; Li et al. 2013b; Yin et al. 2015a	Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase	Li et al. 2014b
	Osteocalcin		NF-κB, extracellular-regulated protein kinases (ERK)	Ang et al. 2011
	Osteopontin	Yoon et al. 2012
	Phosphoinositide 3-kinase, Akt, c-Fos/c-Jun and AP-1-dependent signalling pathways, insulin-like growth factor 1	Wu et al. 2008
Anti-inflammatory	SOD, Lipoxin A4	Luo et al. 2012	NF-κB, Interleukin 6 (IL-6)	Habauzit et al. 2011
			Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)	Wang et al. 2011; Gopinath & Sudhandiran 2012
			Interferon-γ (IFN-γ)	Wang et al. 2011
			Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)	Liu et al. 2011; Gopinath & Sudhandiran 2012
			Interleukin-8 (IL-8), Leukotriene B4, Myeloperoxidase	Luo et al. 2012
Anti-cancer	P21	Kim et al. 2008; Li et al. 2013a;	β-catenin pathway	Li et al. 2013a
	Caspases, p53, Bax and Fas death receptor and its adaptor protein, Fas-associated death domain protein	Ramesh & Alshatwi 2013	Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1	Tan et al. 2014
	miR-126	Tan et al. 2014	5-methyl-20-deoxycytidine	Lewinska et al. 2015
Metabolic syndrome	AMPK and its related signalling pathway, PPARα gene expression, PPARγ expression	Pu et al. 2012	Fatty acid synthase, Glucose-6-phosphatase	Pu et al. 2012
	NO	Alam et al. 2013; Alam et al. 2014	HMG-CoA reductase, plasma cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, and hepatic lipid	Baskaran et al. 2015
Oxidative stress	HO-1	Chen et al. 2015	GSH	Dhanya et al. 2015
	Brain malondialdehyde	Golechha et al. 2014	SOD, catalase	Mahmoud et al. 2012; Kumar et al. 2010
CNS diseases	Malondialdehyde	Sachdeva et al. 2014	GSH, SOD, Catalase, Acetylcholinesterase	Sachdeva et al. 2014
	Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor	Jung & Kim 2014	TNF-α	Sachdeva et al. 2014; Jung & Kim 2014; Jeong et al. 2015
	Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) autophosphorylation	Wang et al. 2013	Microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3)	Jeong et al. 2015

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