Figures & data
Figure 1. The experimental procedures for the mouse model of AR.
Figure 2. OVA increased the number of nasal rubbing in mice, inflammatory response, goblet cell and mast cell in nasal mucosal tissue of OVA-induced AR mice, while both TIIA and Dex inhibited the effect of OVA. (A) The nasal rubbing of mice was observed and its number was counted. (B) Inflammatory cells in nasal mucosal tissue were detected by H&E staining. (C) Goblet cells in nasal mucosal tissue were determined by PAS staining. (D) Mast cells in nasal mucosal tissue were observed by Giemsa staining. ***p < 0.005, ###p < 0.005, * vs. control; # vs. OVA.
Figure 3. The effects of OVA and Dex on the levels of OVA-IgE, OVA-IgG1, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-5, IL-12 and IFN-γ in the serum and NALF of OVA-induced AR mice. (A) The contents of histamine in the serum were measured by o-phthalaldehyde spectrofluorometric method. (B, C) The contents of OVA-IgE and OVA-IgG1 in the serum were detected by ELISA. (D–H) The contents of TNF-α, IL-4, IL-5, IL-12 and IFN-γ in the NALF were tested by ELISA. ***p < 0.005, ###p < 0.005, * vs. control; # vs. OVA.
Figure 4. TIIA at 5 and 10 μmol/L had no effect on the viability of human mast cells, and reversed the promotion of histamine release and mast cell degranulation induced by C48/80. (A) The viability of human mast cell line HMC-1 cells after being treated with TIIA was examined by MTT assay. (B) Histamine content of human mast cell line HMC-1 cells after treatment with C48/80 and TIIA in culture medium (cell-free supernatants) and total suspensions was determined by ELISA. (C) The degranulation of human mast cell line HMC-1 cells after being treated with C48/80 and TIIA was detected by toluidine blue staining. ***p < 0.005, ###p < 0.005, * vs. control; # vs. OVA. TIIA: tanshinone IIA; MTT: methyl tetrazolium; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; C48/80: compound 48/80.
Data availability statement
The analysed data sets generated during the study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.