Consequences of Politicians’ Perceptions of the News Media

Figures & data

FIGURE 1 Hypothesized relationships. Intercorrelations of the measurement errors (between Contact, Media Informing Citizens, and Effectiveness of Conflict and Drama), the effects of all controls, the direct effects of ideology extremity on all outcomes, the direct effect of Hostile Media Perceptions on Satisfaction with Democracy, and error labels are omitted for clarity reasons

TABLE 1 Unstandardized structural equation modeling path coefficients

Predictors	Dependent Variables
	Hostile Media Perceptions	Contact with Journalists	Effectiveness Conflict and Drama	Media Informing Citizens	Satisfaction with Democracy
	b (SE)	b (SE)	b (SE)	b (SE)	b (SE)
Respondents’ Gender	−.22 (.16)	−.27 (.13)*	.27 (.14)	.00 (.14)	−.18 (.15)
Respondents’ Age	−.10 (.09)	−.09 (. 07)	−.09 (.08)	.00 (.07)	−.04 (.08)
Work Experience	.01 (.01)	.01 (.01)	.00 (.01)	.00 (.01)	.00 (.01)
Opposition vs. Government	−.17 (.20)	−.49 (.15)**	−.14 (.17)	.01 (.16)	.31 (.20)
Political Rank	−.10 (25)	.88 (20)***	−.14 (.22)	−.06 (.21)	.32 (.25)
Media Power	.14 (.18)	.18 (.14)	.61 (.17)***	.−.01 (15)	.16 (.18)
Ideology Extremity	1.84 (.15)***	.06 (.16)	−.33 (.18)	.31 (.17)	−.39 (.19)*
Hostile Media Perceptions	−	−.17 (.06)**	.16 (.07)*	−.29 (.06)***	.01 (.08)
Contact with Journalists	–	–	–	–	−.03 (.13)
Effectiveness Conflict and Drama	–	–	–	–	−.15 (.08)
Media Informing Citizens	–	–	–	–	.24 (.08)**
Explained Variance	.46	.29	.20	.12	.18

Note: ***p < .001; **p < .01; *p < .05.