466
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Article

Transformative philanthropy in practice: urban volunteers and the power and limits of the gift

La philanthropie transformatrice en pratique: les volontaires urbains face au pouvoir et limites du don

Filantropía transformadora en la práctica: voluntarios urbanos y el poder y los límites del regalo

ORCID Icon
Pages 1099-1121 | Received 04 Jul 2018, Accepted 16 Aug 2019, Published online: 30 Sep 2019
 

ABSTRACT

This paper examines and theorizes the organizational structures and effects of an ambitious urban volunteering program that has been developed by one of Germany’s wealthiest philanthropic foundations in order to support, enhance, and promote volunteering. As such, the program represents an epitome of a transformative philanthropy by which foundations hope to bring about lasting societal consequences on all spatial scales. However, by attempting to trigger effects outside its own boundaries, foundations are at risk of overstraining themselves. Based on formal documents, interviews, and participant observations, the paper illustrates and theorizes how the foundation combines rather traditional moral and formal rules of philanthropy and volunteering with ambitious and transformative goals. More precisely, the paper explores (i) how and why the foundation enacts itself and its environments, (ii) how and why it uses interactions to exploit the power of the gift, and (iii) how and why it tries to use a scientific evaluation to generate legitimacy. In contrast to comparable studies that infer from practice to (neoliberal) motives the paper takes the organizational constitution of foundations more seriously. Consequently, it invokes a cybernetic notion of control to understand the program’s multifarious relationships of power.

Cet article examine et théorise les structures organisationnelles et les effets d’un ambitieux programme de volontariat urbain mis en place par une des fondations philanthropiques les plus riches d’Allemagne dans le but de soutenir, développer et promouvoir le volontariat. En tant que tel, le programme est l’incarnation d’une philanthropie transformatrice par laquelle les fondations espèrent provoquer des conséquences durables sur la société et ce à toutes les échelles spatiales. Néanmoins, en tentant d’avoir des effets en dehors de leurs propres limites, les fondations courent le risque de s’épuiser. Tiré de documents officiels, d’entretiens et des séances d’observation participante, cet article illustre et théorise la façon dont la fondation associe des règles morales et officielles relativement traditionnelles de la philanthropie et du volontariat à des objectifs ambitieux et transformateurs. Plus précisément, l’article explore (i) comment et pourquoi la fondation se définit elle-même et son environnement, (ii) comment et pourquoi elle utilise les interactions pour exploiter le pouvoir du don et (iii) comment et pourquoi elle tente d’avoir recours à une évaluation scientifique pour augmenter sa légitimité. Contrairement à des études comparables qui déduisent de ces pratiques des motivations néolibérales, cet article prend plus au sérieux la constitution organisationnelle des fondations. En conséquent, il convoque une notion cybernétique du contrôle afin de comprendre les relations multiples que le programme entretient avec le pouvoir.

Este artículo examina y teoriza las estructuras organizativas y los efectos de un ambicioso programa de voluntariado urbano que ha sido desarrollado por una de las fundaciones filantrópicas más ricas de Alemania para apoyar, mejorar y promover el voluntariado. Como tal, el programa representa un epítome de una filantropía transformadora por la cual las fundaciones esperan tener impactos sociales duraderos en todas las escalas espaciales. Sin embargo, al intentar generar efectos fuera de sus propios límites, las fundaciones corren el riesgo de sobrecargarse. Basado en documentos formales, entrevistas y observación participante, el artículo ilustra y teoriza cómo la fundación combina reglas morales y formales bastante tradicionales de filantropía y voluntariado con objetivos ambiciosos y transformadores. Específicamente, el artículo explora (i) cómo y por qué la fundación se representa a sí misma y sus entornos, (ii) cómo y por qué usa interacciones para explotar el poder del regalo, y (iii) cómo y por qué trata de usar un método científico de evaluación para generar legitimidad. A diferencia de otros estudios que relacionan la práctica a los motivos (neoliberales), el artículo toma la constitución organizativa de las fundaciones más en serio. En consecuencia, invoca una noción cibernética de control para comprender las múltiples relaciones de poder del programa.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

Notes

1. For reasons of confidentiality, the names of the foundation, the program, and the persons involved are not disclosed. For a better understanding of the foundation and the local context it is working in, some anonymized but still suitable information will be given in the paper.

2. For that task, I received €9,000 in the form of a tax-free donation to my university and I delivered a perfectly normal evaluation for internal use. Although the present paper would be unthinkable without this evaluation, this paper is an autonomous scientific attempt to capture some of the many facets of transformative philanthropy.

3. German legislation on foundations is relatively generous, simple, and liberal. Many legal hurdles were lowered from the 1990s onwards and the list of purposes that are considered as serving the common good is extensive (European Foundation Centre, Citation2015).

4. www.100resilientcities.org/update-from-100rc/(date of update 1 April 2019; last retrieved 4 July 2019).

Log in via your institution

Log in to Taylor & Francis Online

PDF download + Online access

  • 48 hours access to article PDF & online version
  • Article PDF can be downloaded
  • Article PDF can be printed
USD 53.00 Add to cart

Issue Purchase

  • 30 days online access to complete issue
  • Article PDFs can be downloaded
  • Article PDFs can be printed
USD 333.00 Add to cart

* Local tax will be added as applicable

Related Research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.