English is ‘the language everybody shares’ but it is ‘my native language’: language ideologies and interpersonal relationships among students in internationalizing higher education

Figures & data

Figure 1. Language ideologies in the student focus group discussions.

Note. solid figures–language ideologies based on the notion of language as national or ethnic language, dotted figure–the notion of language as languaging, double arrows–ideological dilemmas, NL–national or ethnic language, LF–lingua franca.

Table

1	S2:	we have a quite international program?
2	S3:	[mm hm
3	S1:	[mm hm
((Lines 4–11 omitted))
12	S3:	yeah I think (.) a lot of us are also j- um Finnish (.) Finnish
13		[(unclear)
14	S1:	[mmm ((nods))
15	S2:	[((nods))
((Lines 16–26 omitted))
27	S3:	one from Ne- Nepal and (.) u:m (.) Pakista:n =
28	S1:	=and they actually speak the same language?
29	S3:	((nods)) right
((Lines 30–35 omitted))
36	S1:	and then there is (1) I I feel a lot of people who speak or
37		understand German?
38	S3:	mm hm (.) those [who studied (.) [like learn (unclear)
39	S2:	[mmm ((nods))
40	S1:	[((nods))
41	S3:	high school (.) in [high school
42	S2:	[mmm ((nods))
((Lines 43–69 omitted, some more named languages were listed))
70	S1:	but I guess that (.) everybody somehow speaks at least (.) or
71		has learnt (.) one or more foreign languages in their life?
72		(.)
73	S3:	mmm  [((nods))=
74	S2:	[((nods))=
75	S1:	=or (.) I think we’re (.) have people who speak quite many
76		languages?
77	S2:	((nods))
78	S3:	[yeah
79	S2:	[yeah (.) that’s true

Table

1	S4:	so we speak quite many (1) it’s a quite diverse group even though
2		it’s very [small
3	S5:	[((nods))
4	S5:	(.) yeah (.) I would say ((scratches her nose)) (.) I mean (.) most
5		(.) er (.) everyone exc- I think I’m the only person who speaks
6		English [as the first language in our program but [(.) er (.)
7	S4:	[((nods))                 [yeah
8	S5:	English is the (.) like (.) the language that everybody shares
9		[and that we study in (.) u:m
10	S4:	[((nods))
((Lines 11–45 omitted, more detailed information was provided on the students’ linguistic repertoires))
46	S5:	yeah (.) I always (.) I feel like the hhh [eh ((laughs)) the
47	S4:	[eh ((laughs))
48	S5:	(.) the one the one (.) L1 speaker (.) in our group of
49		[English (.) I just get to benefit from that ehh ((laughs))
50	S4:	[(unclear) ((muted))
51	S4:	the chosen one [ehh ((laughs))
52	S5:	[.hh ehh ((laughs)) (.) .hh
53	S4:	but you speak German as well and
54	S5:	yeah ((lifts her eyebrows))

Table

1	S2:	[((puckers her mouth)) (.) [hh ((laughs)) it just depends how
2	S3:	[((smiles))
3	S1:	[((smiles))
4	S2:	fluent you are [like (.) you are so fluent in English and
5	S1:	[((nods))
6	S2:	Finnish and German [that (.) ((laughs, lifts her hands))
7	S1:	[((smiles))
8	S3:	[((smiles))
((Lines 9–17 omitted))
18	S2:	=yeah for me like my Finnish vocabulary is not good enough
19		[but (.) I (.) it’s too difficult for me to [really ((smiles))
20	S1:	[((nods                  [((smiles))

Table

1	S3:	yeah is that why you [try to learn different
2	S2:	[I don’t know ((smiles))
3	S1:	[(unclear) ((muted, smiles))
4	S3:	um many languages ((smiles, moves her hands, pulls her hair
5		behind her ear))
6		(.)
7	S2:	[I mean (.) [ehh ((laughs, scratches her forehead)) (.) I I en-
8	S3:	[(unclear) ((muted, smiles))
9	S1:	[((smiles))
10	S2:	I enjoy learning and [I love culture (.)
11	S1:	[((nods))
12	S3:	[((nods, smiles))

Table

1	S1:	mmm I think we all have a quite good level of English (.)
2		[and I also guessed that otherwise we wouldn’t have been
3	S3:	[((nods))
4	S2:	[((nods))
5	S1:	accepted to this program anyway?
6	S2:	mm hm=
7	S1:	=or wouldn’t have applied
8		(.)
9	S2:	yeah
10		(1)
11	S1:	and especially has worked also talking (.) with each other in
12		English for the whole time
13		(5)
14	S2:	yeah I guess I (.) I just can’t imagine studying not in my
15		native language [(.) and it really impresses me that people can
16	S1:	[((smiles))
17	S2:	do a whole master’s program in English?
18		(.)
19	S3:	mmm=

Table

1	S5:	and I don’t even (.) er I will say the only thing that I like worry
2		about [because English is my first language ((laughs))
3	S4:	[((nods))
4	S5:	[(.)       .hh is like normally [eh ((laughs)) .hh
5	S4:	[((smiles)) yeah           [((nods))
6	S5:	if I see that something is incorrect ((moves her hand)) grammar-wise
7		or whatever else [(.) I would just go behind ((moves her hand))
8	S4:	[yeah
9	S5:	people and fix it (.) [but (.) when eh ((laughs)) [.hh when it
10	S4:	[yeah              [((laughs))
11	S5:	questions you for all you are the only person that has English
12		as the first language ((puts her hand on her chest)) [(.) and
13	S4:	[yeah
14	S5:	this becomes (.) it has ((moves her hand)) like a different
15		[tone ehh ((laughs)) .hh ehh ((laughs)) it’s like ((laughs))=
16	S4:	[((nods))
17	S4:	=no: I don’t ((smiles)) (.) think [like that
18	S5:	[mmm
19	S5:	I mean maybe you wouldn’t but you never want to like ((smiles)) (.)
20		er: I don’t know you don’t wanna insult someone (.) er accident-

Table

1	S5:	and the (.) the other thing is like (.) it’s (.) er: (.) as far
2		as like academic success (.) I mean that’s really about like er
3		(.) academic (.) [er (.) English and like a very [(.) I mean
4	S4:	[((nods))            [mm
5	S5:	(.) u:m (.) you know (.) specific terms (.) a:nd (.) u:m (.)
6		certain kinds of of knowledge that [(.)
7	S4:	[mm
8	S5:	I mean [that like things I also (.) didn’t know [(.) u:m
9	S4:	[((rests his chin on his hands))    [mm
((Lines 10–45 omitted, the difficulty of academic English is discussed))
46	S5:	u:m (.) [I I think sometime it’s hard to distinguish like the:
47	S4:	[((scratches his face))
48	S5:	(.) [like general (.) proficiency from like the: (.) learning
49	S4:	[((rests his chin on his hand))
50	S5:	about (.) academic style writing [and (.) er [(.)
51	S4:	[((nods)) [mm

Table

(.)	brief interval
(2)	interval in seconds
=	no break or gap
:	stretched sounds
underlined	emphasis
?	rising intonation
.hh	inbreath
[	overlapping talk
(unclear)	unclear utterances
(())	transcriber’s descriptions