Combined effects of procurement and collaboration on innovation in public-private-partnerships: a qualitative comparative analysis of 24 infrastructure projects

Figures & data

Table 1. Set membership of cases for the outcome

Levels of innovation in the projects		Number of cases
Low levels of innovation	Below 0.5	12
High levels of innovation	Above 0.5	13

Table 2. Analysis of the necessary conditions

Presence of high levels of innovation
Conditions	Consistency	Coverage
High levels of information sharing (INFOS)	.726860	.649109
Absence of high levels of information sharing (~INFOS)	.452813	.427959
High levels of network management (NM)	.606171	.715203
Absence of high levels of network management (~NM)	.603448	.453615
High levels of design freedom (DF)	.788566	.578562
Absence of high levels of design freedom (~DF)	.361161	.443207
High levels of stimulating tender award criteria (STAC)	.727768	.668333
Absence of high levels of stimulating tender award criteria (~STAC)	.451906	.415000

Table 3. Intermediate solution for high levels of innovation

	Consistency	Raw coverage	Unique coverage	# Cases in path
INFOS * NM * DF	.895899	.515427	.515427	7
Solution consistency	.895899
Solution coverage	.515427