Strengths-Based Models of Resilience in Tertiary Education Students

Figures & data

Table 1. Participant Demographics.

Variable	No.	%
Total	1,072	100
Age
18-24	976	91.7
25-34	56	5.3
35-44	24	2.3
45+	8	0.8
Gender
Man	312	29.2
Woman	746	69.7
Trans/nonbinary	7	0.7
Previous diagnosis^a
Yes	490	46
No	576	54
Care status^b
Receiving care	250	24.5
Not receiving care	771	75.5
Socioeconomic status^c
High	578	54.5
Low	482	45.5
Sexual orientation
Heterosexual	767	71.5
LGBTQ	305	28.5
Student status
Local	729	68
International	343	32

Note. ^aPrevious diagnosis of mental illness. ^bMental health status. ^cSocioeconomic status.

Table 2. Scale Reliability and Bivariate Correlations Among All Study Variables.

Variable	α	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
1. Age	NA	1
2. Eng.	.85	.149**	1
3. Mind.	.87	.145**	.397**	1
4. Depress.	.90	−.101**	−.568**	−.444**	1
5. Anx.	.81	−.134**	−.334**	−.439**	.657**	1
6. Well.	.77	.022	.601**	.333**	.665**	−.473**	1
7. Res.	.88	.061*	.394**	.290**	−.509**	−.416**	.481**	1

Note. *Significant at p < .005. **Significant at p < .001.

Eng. = engagement; Mind. = mindfulness; Depress. = depressive symptoms; Anx. = anxiety symptoms; Well. = Well-being; Res. = resilience.

Table 3. Summary of Hierarchical Analysis for Engagement and Mindfulness on Depression.

Variables	B	CI	SE	β	t	R^2adj
Control variables						.15
Age	−.08	−.12, −.04	.02	−.12	−4.08**
Gender	.86	.18, 1.55	.35	.07	2.47*
Diagnosis^a	.11	−.54, .76	.33	.01	.33
Status^b	.59	−.12, 1.29,	.36	.05	1.65
Socio.	2.53	1.82, 3.23	.36	.23	7.00**
Orient.	2.39	1.58, 3.21	.42	.19	5.76**
Student^c	1.09	.39, 3.21	.35	.09	3.08*
Step 2						.39
Engagement	−.63	−.69, −.57	.03	−.51	−19.66**
Step 3						.43
Engagement	−.54	−.61, −.47	.03	−.44	−16.14**
Mindfulness	−.23	−.29, −.17	.03	−.21	−7.57**

Note. **p < .001, *p < .05.

^aPrevious diagnosis of mental illness. ^bMental health status. ^cInternational student status.

CI = confidence interval; Socio. = socioeconomic status; Orient. = sexual orientation.

Table 4. Summary of Hierarchical Analysis for Engagement and Mindfulness on Anxiety.

Variables	B	CI	SE	β	t	R^2adj
Control variables						.14
Age	−.06	-.09. −.04	.01	−.16	−5.27**
Gender	.43	.01, .85	.21	.06	2.02*
Diagnosis^a	1.46	1.03, 1.89	.21	.22	6.67**
Status^b	1.28	.79, 1.78	.25	.17	5.08**
Socio.	.24	−.15, .64	.20	.04	1.21
Orient.	.46	.03, .89	.20	.06	2.12
Student^c	.12	−.30, .54	.21	.02	.54
Step 2						.20
Engagement	−.19	−.23, −.15	.02	−.26	−8.59**
Step 3						.27
Engagement	−.11	−.16, −.07	.02	−.15	−4.93**
Mindfulness	−.19	−.23, −.15	.02	−.30	−9.44**

Note. **p < .001, *p < .05.

^aPrevious diagnosis of mental illness. ^bMental health status. ^cInternational student status.

CI = confidence interval; Socio. = socioeconomic status; Orient. = sexual orientation.

Table 5. Summary of Hierarchical Analysis for Engagement and Mindfulness on Well-Being.

Variables	B	CI	SE	β	t	R^2adj
Control variables						.12
Age	.03	−.01, .06	.02	.05	1.53
Gender	−.86	−1.49, −.23	.32	−.08	−2.68*
Diagnosis^a	−2.05	−2.70, −1.40	.33	−.20	−6.16**
Status^b	−2.15	−2.90, −1.40	.38	−.19	−5.61**
Socio.	−.10	−.70, .493	.30	−.01	−.34
Orient.	−.49	−1.14, .16	.33	−.05	−1.48
Student^c	−.51	−1.15, .13	.33	−.05	−1.57
Step 2						.43
Engagement	.65	.59, .70	.03	.58	23.01**
Step 3						.44
Engagement	.62	.56, .68	.03	.55	20.50**
Mindfulness	.07	.02, .13	.03	.07	2.70*

Note. **p < .001, *p < .05.

Table 6. Summary of Hierarchical Analysis for Engagement and Mindfulness on Resilience.

Variables	B	CI	SE	β	t	R^2adj
Control variables						.13
Age	.06	.02, .09	.02	.10	3.16*
Gender	−1.48	−2.11, −.86	.03	−.14	−4.65**
Diagnosis^a	−2.17	−2.81, −1.52	.03	−.22	−6.62**
Status^b	−1.47	−2.21, −.73	.04	−.13	−3.89**
Socio.	.29	−.30, .88	.03	.03	.97
Orient.	−1.00	−1.65, −.36	.03	−.09	−3.06*
Student^c	−.60	−1.23, .02	.03	−.06	−1.89
Step 2						.24
Engagement	.38	.32, .45	.03	.34	11.87**
Step 3						.26
Engagement	.34	.27, .41	.04	.30	9.75**
Mindfulness	.11	.05, .17	.03	.11	3.60**

Note. **p < .001, *p < .05.

^aPrevious diagnosis of mental illness. ^bMental health status. ^cInternational student status.

CI = confidence interval; Socio. = socioeconomic status; Orient. = sexual orientation.