Surviving Success: Nonviolent Rebellion in Sudan

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Notes

1 The Nonviolent and Violent Campaigns and Outcomes dataset (NAVCO 2.0) is a global dataset of nonviolent and violent campaigns from 1945 to 2006 that sought to achieve maximalist goals such as self-determination and secession, overthrowing a sitting government, and expelling an occupying force. All campaigns were extra-institutional, operating primarily outside conventional politics such as elections and political parties. Campaigns were coded as nonviolent when they relied primarily on nonviolent methods as opposed to violent/armed methods regardless of whether violence was used against it.

2 NAVCO 2.0 includes nonviolent campaigns in Algeria (1952–1953 and 1992), Benin (1989–1990), Cameroon (1956–1960), Egypt (2000–2005), Ghana (1949–1957 and 2000), Kenya (1990–1991), Madagascar (1991–1993 and 2002–2003), Malawi (1958–1959 and 1992–1993), Mali (1990–1992), Morocco (1956), Mozambique (1963), Niger (1991–1992), Nigeria (1945–1950, 1990–1995 and 1993–1998), Rwanda (1956–1958), Senegal (2000), South Africa (1952–1959 and 1990–1994), Sudan (1985), Tanzania (1992–1995), Tunisia (1952), Western Sahara (1982–1983), and Zambia (1961–1963, 1990–1991 and 2001). Sudan’s 1964 campaign was mistakenly omitted but will be added when the database is updated.

3 This briefing analyses three Sudanese rebellions because comparing rebellions within the same country reduces the number of confounding variables that differ across countries and that affect repression.

4 Phone interview with Abdelwahab El-Affendi on 6 December 2013.

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Notes on contributors

Benjamin R. Naimark-Rowse

BENJAMIN R. NAIMARK-ROWSE is the Topol Fellow in Nonviolent Resistance at The Fletcher School, Tufts University. His research and teaching draws on a decade directing NGOs and advising foundations and governments on democratisation, justice reform and transitional justice issues. He holds an MPA from Princeton’s Woodrow Wilson School.