https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8870-3250
Figures & data
Table 1. Refining conditions for oat and barley hulls.
Table 2. Stocks for obtaining laboratory sheets with specific grammage (60 g/m2).
Figure 1. Micrographs of macerated hull samples; barley (a), oats (b). Thick-walled fibers and aggregations of epidermial cells are visible. The tissue is only partially macerated.
Table 3. Content of selected identified components of oat and barley hulls in hexane extracts, analyzed after silylation by GC-MS. Heneicosanoic acid was used as an internal standard.
Table 4. Content of selected identified components of oat and barley hulls in acetone extracts, analyzed after silylation by GC-MS. Heneicosanoic acid was used as an internal standard.
Table 5. Cell wall carbohydrate composition.
Table 6. The amount of Klason lignin including acid-soluble lignin in the oat and barley hulls, and the lignin subunit composition as determined by pyrolysis-GC.
Figure 2. Paper technical properties of non-calendered and calendered laboratory sheets. a) Bulk; b) tear strength expressed as a tear index; c) tensile strength expressed as a tensile index; d) burst strength. 100/0 = 100% softwood pulp; 90/10 oats = 90% softwood pulp and 10% oat hulls; 90/10 barley = 90% softwood pulp and 10% barley hulls; 80/20 oats = 80% softwood pulp and 20% oat hulls; 80/20 barley = 80% softwood pulp and 20% barley hulls. Dotted line is the reference paper, CP = commercial paper with similar grammage (Mondi Group Citation2021).
Figure 3. A non-calendered laboratory sheet (a) and a calendered laboratory sheet (b) containing 20% oat hulls. The height difference is expressed in µm. Oat hull bundle is a bundle of fibers which remained attached to each other after refining.
