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Review

Evolution of complexity in non-viral oligonucleotide delivery systems: from gymnotic delivery through bioconjugates to biomimetic nanoparticles

ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 1256-1275 | Received 29 Apr 2022, Accepted 08 Nov 2022, Published online: 21 Nov 2022

Figures & data

Figure 1. Timeline of RNA research and its therapeutic applications (not to time scale). In the insert showed number of approved oligonucleotide drugs per year (1998–2022).

Figure 1. Timeline of RNA research and its therapeutic applications (not to time scale). In the insert showed number of approved oligonucleotide drugs per year (1998–2022).

Table 1. Simplified categorization of properties of FDA approved oligonucleotide therapies.

Figure 2. Summary of features of FDA approved drugs. Bars and numbers show total counts for each feature as shown in . Each bar graph represents one of the columns.

Figure 2. Summary of features of FDA approved drugs. Bars and numbers show total counts for each feature as shown in Table 1. Each bar graph represents one of the columns.

Table 2. Mechanisms of action and basic features of nucleic acid therapies.

Figure 3. Schematic representation of therapeutic RNAs with cellular entry and trafficking.

Figure 3. Schematic representation of therapeutic RNAs with cellular entry and trafficking.

Figure 4. Categorization of RNA delivery systems into 3 generations.

Figure 4. Categorization of RNA delivery systems into 3 generations.