http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7469-3650, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2498-0934, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7889-9859 & http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0969-6310Figure 1. A classic GEOBIA research framework.
Figure 2. Nontraditional data types and image-objects.
Figure 3. Workflow of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for semantic segmentation.
Figure 4. Object-based features extracted at three scales within (a) image-objects, (b) neighborhood image-objects, and (c) individual communities (e.g., urban blocks).
Figure 5. Residential versus commercial buildings from 2D to 3D (image credit: Google Map©).
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