https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9266-408X
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ABSTRACT
Electric vehicles with a pack of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are taking a significant place in the field of transportation. Since lithium-ion battery efficiency relies on battery pack temperature, the temperature of the battery pack must be maintained within the safe limits for proper working of the system. This paper proposes a novel experimental method to dissipate and maintain the thermal energy emitted by LIBs based on a nickel foam/paraffin composite and a composite of copper foam/paraffin for thermal management of Panasonic NCR 18650B cylindrical lithium-ion battery cells. The results indicate that the surface temperature of the battery is reduced by 30.95% by comparing with ambient air convection and 24% temperature reduction by comparing with PCM by the application of nickel foam at a 2C discharge rate. By using copper foam/paraffin composite 34% and 25% temperature reduction by comparing with ambient air convection and PCM (paraffin) accordingly was achieved at a 2C discharge rate. Additionally, the result of temperature uniformity on the thermal management of the battery pack was also studied.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
Nomenclature
| C | = | Correlation coefficient [-] |
| d | = | Diameter [m] |
| K | = | Thermal Conductivity [ |
| t | = | Time [s] |
| T | = | Temperature [o C] |
| Greek symbols | = | |
| ω Pore density [PPI] | = | ε Porosity [-] |
| b | = | bulk |
| e | = | effective |
| f | = | metal foam |
| A Ampere | = | ATMS Active Thermal Management System |
| Ah Ampere-hour | = | C Charge/Discharge rate |
| Cu Copper | = | DAQ Data Acquisition system |
| DC Direct Current | = | EV Electric Vehicle |
| HEV Hybrid Electric Vehicle | = | LIB Lithium-ion Battery |
| Ni Nickle | = | P Parallel |
| PCM Phase Change Material | = | PTMS Passive Thermal Management System |
| PPI Pore Per Inch | = | RT Rubitherm |
| S Series | = | SEM Scanning Electron Microscopy |
| TES Thermal Energy Storage | = | TM Thermal Management |
| Subscripts | = | |
| b | = | bulk |
| e | = | effective |
| f | = | metal foam |
| Abbreviations | = | |
| A | = | Ampere |
| ATMS | = | Active Thermal Management System |
| Ah | = | Ampere-hour |
| C | = | Charge/Discharge rate |
| Cu | = | Copper |
| DAQ | = | Data Acquisition system |
| DC | = | Direct Current |
| EV | = | Electric Vehicle |
| HEV | = | Hybrid Electric Vehicle |
| LIB | = | Lithium-ion Battery |
| Ni | = | Nickle |
| P | = | Parallel |
| PCM | = | Phase Change Material |
| PTMS | = | Passive Thermal Management System |
| PPI | = | Pore Per Inch |
| RT | = | Rubitherm |
| S | = | Series |
| SEM | = | Scanning Electron Microscopy |
| TES | = | Thermal Energy Storage |
| TM | = | Thermal Management |