Effects of high-temperature stress on gene expression related to photosynthesis in two jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) varieties

Figures & data

Figure 1. Diurnal change of temperature and humidity before and after high temperature treatment.

Figure 2. Photosynthetic response to high-temperature stress: (a) Phenotypes under dynamic high-temperature stress in F and J. (b) Photosynthetic parameters under high-temperature stress in F and J. The error bars represent standard error.

Figure 3. SEM results of two varieties leaves under high-temperature stress.

Note: Fig. a, b, c and Fig. g, h, i show the 0, 1, 5 days of F and J at room temperature, respectively. Fig. d, e, f and Fig. j, k, l show the 0, 1, 5 days of F and J under high-temperature stress.

Figure 4. Comparison of transcriptome data of two varieties under different high temperature treatments. (a) PCA analysis. (b,c) Venn diagram of DEGs in different comparison groups. (d) Statistical bar chart of the number of DEGs by comparing F0 vs J0, F1 vs J1, F3 vs J3, F5 vs J5, and F7 vs J7. Blue represents the number of upregulated DEGs, while red stands for downregulated DEGs.

Figure 5. Comparative transcriptomic analysis. (a) Clustering analysis of WGCNA co-expressed genes. (b) Comparison of F1 vs J1 and F3 vs J3 volcano plots, with green dots representing down-regulated genes and red dots representing up-regulated genes. (c) Comparison of F1 vs J1 and F3 vs J3 KEGG-enriched top 20 pathways.

Figure 6. Expression analysis of the photosynthesis pathway and its core genes and transcription factors. HSFA, heat shock transcription factor; PIF4, phytochrome interacting factor 4; ROS, reactive oxygen species; COP1, constitutive photomorphogenic1; HY, elongated hypocotyl; phyB, phytochrome B; BIN2, brassinosteroid insensitive 2; ABI5, abscisic acid-insensitive 5; NAC019, N-Acetyl cysteine019; SAG113, surface antigen 113; IAA29, indole acetic acid 29. The colors of squares indicate the fold changes of the DEGs (red is upregulated and green is downregulated).

Table 1. Effects of high-temperature stress on the stomatal properties of jujube leaves.

Varieties	Temperature	Time after treatment	Stomatal open rate（%）	Stomatal open number（a）	Total number of stomata（a）	Stomatal density (a/mm^2)
Fucuimi	Normal temperature	0d	81.13±0.91d	68.67±0.33c	84.67±1.20a	313.73±4.45a
		1d	80.61±2.59d	69.00±1.52c	85.67±1.45a	317.43±5.38a
		5d	79.81±2.51d	68.33±2.02c	85.67±1.76a	317.43±6.53a
	High temperature	0d	78.82±1.58d	68.00±1.15c	86.33±2.02a	319.90±7.51a
		1d	71.39±4.51c	61.00±2.64ab	85.67±1.76a	317.43±6.53a
		5d	75.30±0.83cd	66.00±0.58bc	87.67±0.88a	324.84±3.27a
Junzao	Normal temperature	0d	69.75±3.18c	76.67±3.84d	110.00±3.60bc	407.59±13.36bc
		1d	71.18±0.77c	77.33±1.33de	108.67±2.02b	402.66±7.51b
		5d	73.46±3.55cd	80.33±2.33e	103.67±2.40bc	401.18±8.90bc
	High temperature	0d	70.77±0.57c	80.00±3.05de	113.00±3.51bc	418.71±13.01bc
		1d	58.17±1.71b	67.67±2.18c	116.33±1.66c	431.06±6.17c
		5d	50.19±1.39a	56.33±0.88a	112.33±2.02bc	416.24±7.51bc

Figure 7. Results of qRT-PCR validation. Each column represents the average of three biological replicates, with standard errors indicated by vertical bars.

Data availability statement

The raw sequence data reported in this paper have been deposited in the Genome Sequence Archive (Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2021) in National Genomics Data Center (Nucleic Acids Res 2022), China National Center for Bioinformation/Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (BioProject ID: PRJCA016517) that are publicly accessible at https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/.