Trajectory-based analysis on the source areas and transportation pathways of atmospheric particulate matter over Eastern Finland

Figures & data

Table 1. The durations and AMS data coverages for the three intensive measurement campaigns organized in 2012, 2014 and 2016.

Campaign dates	Total duration (hours)	AMS data coverage (%)
28 September 2012–27 November 2012	1330	91
8 October 2014–4 November 2014	641	95
10 October 2016–29 November 2016	1162	95
All campaigns	3133	93

Fig. 1. The average aerosol chemical composition measured at the Puijo station during the intensive measurement campaigns in 2012, 2014 and 2016. The whiskers in the mass concentration plot illustrate the range below the 90th percentile.

Fig. 2. Spatial distribution of trajectory endpoints during the three intensive measurements campaigns. The logarithmic colour scale illustrates the total number of trajectory endpoints in each 0.5° × 0.5° grid cell.

Fig. 3. The endpoint-weighted concentrations fields of organics, sulphate (SO₄), nitrate (NO₃) and ammonium (NH₄) averaged over the three intensive measurement campaigns in 2012, 2014 and 2016.

Fig. 4. Average surface air concentrations of total PM_2.5, SO₄, fine mode NO₃ and fine mode NH₄ as modelled with EMEP MSC-W. Data from The Norwegian Meteorological Institute.

Fig. 5. The endpoint-weighted concentrations fields of PMF factors HOA, SVOOA and LVOOA averaged over the three intensive measurement campaigns in 2012, 2014 and 2016.

Fig. 6. Time series of monthly equivalent black carbon (BCe) concentrations measured at the Puijo station. The grey box illustrates the range between the 25th and 75th percentiles, the red horizontal line is the monthly median and the black dots show the hourly averaged observations outside the quartile range. The block above the dashed horizontal line illustrates the occurrence of BCe concentrations larger than 1 µg m⁻³.

Fig. 7. The endpoint-weighted concentration fields of equivalent black carbon (BCe) in 2012–2017.

Fig. 8. The seasonally averaged endpoint-weighted concentration fields of equivalent black carbon (BCe) in 2012–2017.

Fig. 9. ECLIPSE v5 emissions for black carbon (BC). Emissions from gas flaring are included in the emissions from power plants, energy conversion and extraction.

Data availability

All the measurement data from the Puijo station are available upon request from the corresponding author ([email protected]).