Joint status and related risk factors in patients with severe hemophilia A: a single-center cross-sectional study

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographics of participants.

Variable	N (%)
Sex
Male	31 (100)
Family history of hemophilia
Yes	14 (45)
No	14 (45)
Unknown	3 (10)
Occupation
Student	13 (42)
Employed	12 (39)
Without declared occupation	6 (19)
Health insurance
Yes	23 (74)
No	8 (26)

Table 2. Clinical characteristics of participants.

Variable	N (percentage, %)
Age at diagnosis
≤1 year	17 (55)
1–5 years	9 (29)
≥5 years	2 (6)
Unknown	3 (10)
Age at initial treatment
≤1 year	6 (19)
1–5 years	7 (23)
≥5 years	15 (48)
Unknown	3 (10)
Treatment delay
≤1 year	12 (39)
>1 year	15 (48)
Unknown	4 (13)
Treatment regimen
On demand	14 (45)
Intermittent prophylaxis	13 (42)
Continuous prophylaxis	4 (13)
Surgery of joints
No	31 (100)

Figure 1. Joint assessments in our cohort. A. Numbers of abnormal index joints identified by self-report, HEAD-US-C, and HJHS. B. Correlation between HEAD-US-C and HJHS scores. C. Distribution of total HEAD-US-C scores and HEAD-US-C scores for both elbows, knees, and ankles for each participant. D. Distribution of total HJHS scores and HJHS scores for both elbows, knees, and ankles for each participant. White dots, black bars, and whisker plots represent medians, interquartile ranges, and total ranges, respectively. Dot represents HEAD-US-C or HJHS score for each patient. Abbreviations: HEAD-US-C, Hemophilia Early Arthropathy Detection with Ultrasound in China; HJHS, Hemophilia Joint Health Score.

Figure 2. The impact of age and treatment delay on joint assessments scores. A. The correlation between age and HEAD-US-C (left) and HJHS (right). B. The HEAD-US-C and HJHS scores by groups of ≤1 year delay and >1 year delay. C. The correlation between treatment initiation age and HEAD-US-C (left) and HJHS (right). Abbreviations: HEAD-US-C, Hemophilia Early Arthropathy Detection with UltraSound in China; HJHS, Hemophilia Joint Health Score.

Figure 3. The impact of prophylaxis on joint assessments scores. The HEAD-US-C and HJHS scores by group: OD, IP, and CP. Abbreviations: CP, continuous prophylaxis; HEAD-US-C, Hemophilia Early Arthropathy Detection with Ultrasound in China; HJHS, Hemophilia Joint Health Score; IP, intermittent prophylaxis; OD, on demand.

Figure 4. The impact of treatment adherence on joints assessments scores. A. The mean scores of the 6 subscales of VERITAS-Pro. B. The correlation between VERITAS-Pro score and HEAD-US-C (left) and HJHS (right). Abbreviations: HEAD-US-C, Hemophilia Early Arthropathy Detection with Ultrasound in China; HJHS, Hemophilia Joint Health Score; VERITAS-Pro, Validated Hemophilia Regimen Treatment Adherence Scale-Prophylaxis.