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Research Article

Noninvasive prenatal testing of beta-thalassemia for common Pakistani mutations: a comparative study using cell-free fetal DNA from maternal plasma and chorionic villus sampling

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Figures & data

Table 1. Primers for RASSF1A gene marker and beta-thalassemia alleles.

Figure 1. Results interpretation of fetal inheritance of paternally inherited mutation (Cd 5 (-CT)) pattern. (a) Cellular DNA (fetal, father, and mother) analysis by conventional ARMS-PCR: Mutant bands on lanes 1 and 2 represent paternal inherited mutation in fetal samples; lane 3 shows the same paternal allele; and lane 4 shows negative for the paternal mutation. (b) RASSF1A gene amplification plot of RT-PCR using cell-free DNA from maternal plasma: Amplification curves indicate the confirmation of cf-DNA in undigested DNA of nonpregnant plasma sample and cff-DNA in digested DNA plasma sample of pregnant women, while no amplification curve appeared in DNA digests of nonpregnant women plasma sample. NTC, not template control. (c) Identification of fetal inheritance using cf-DNA by ARMS RT-PCR using allele-specific primers: amplification curves show the identification of maternal normal and mutant alleles and paternal inherited mutant allele in maternal plasma.

Figure 1. Results interpretation of fetal inheritance of paternally inherited mutation (Cd 5 (-CT)) pattern. (a) Cellular DNA (fetal, father, and mother) analysis by conventional ARMS-PCR: Mutant bands on lanes 1 and 2 represent paternal inherited mutation in fetal samples; lane 3 shows the same paternal allele; and lane 4 shows negative for the paternal mutation. (b) RASSF1A gene amplification plot of RT-PCR using cell-free DNA from maternal plasma: Amplification curves indicate the confirmation of cf-DNA in undigested DNA of nonpregnant plasma sample and cff-DNA in digested DNA plasma sample of pregnant women, while no amplification curve appeared in DNA digests of nonpregnant women plasma sample. NTC, not template control. (c) Identification of fetal inheritance using cf-DNA by ARMS RT-PCR using allele-specific primers: amplification curves show the identification of maternal normal and mutant alleles and paternal inherited mutant allele in maternal plasma.

Table 2. Mutational data deduced by invasive prenatal testing (IPT) by conventional ARMS-PCR using cellular DNA.

Table 3. Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) in heterozygous cases by allele-specific ARMS RT-PCR in cell-free DNA of maternal plasma.