Multiple myeloma in Latin America

Figures & data

Table 1. Accessibility in Latin America to ISS for multiple myeloma.

International Staging System (ISS) for multiple myeloma		Accessibility in Latin America
Stage	Values (β2M = Serum β2 microglobulin; ALB = serum albumin)	Always/frequently/rarely/never
I	Sβ2M < 3.5 mg/L; serum albumin ≥ 3.5 g/dL	Frequently
II	Sβ2M < 3.5 mg/L; serum albumin < 3.5 g/dL; or β2M 3.5–5.5 mg/L, irrespective of serum albumin	Frequently
III	Sβ2M > 5.5 mg/L	Frequently
Revised International Staging System (R-ISS)
Stage	Criteria
I	Sβ2M < 3.5 mg/l Serum albumin ≥ 3.5 g/dl Standard-risk chromosomal abnormalities (CA) by iFISH Normal LDH	Rarely
II	Not R-ISS stage I or III	Rarely
III	Sβ2M ≥ 5.5 mg/L and either High-risk CA by FISH OR High LDH	Rarely

Table 2. Challenges and determining factors for multiple myeloma patients in Latin America.

Patient functional status
Biologic characteristics of myeloma
Myeloma tumor burden and CRAB manifestations
Comorbidities
Access to sophisticated tests and images
Accessibility to drugs and clinical trials
Transplant accessibility