The role of seed predation in the maintenance of the Cross Timbers ecotone of Oklahoma, USA

Figures & data

Table 1. Seed characteristics of the eight test species sorted by increasing fresh mass (obtained from the Kew Botanical garden website www.kew.org/data/sid). Dispersal modes are found in Myster (1993) and assume bird dispersal of oaks is minimal.

Species	Seed fresh mass (g/1000)	Dispersal mode
Ulmus glabra	5.4	Wind
Juniperus virginiana	15.1	Bird
Fraxinus americana	38.1	Wind
Cornus drummondii	50.41	Bird
Celtis occidentalis	126.4	Bird
Quercus stellata	1194.83	Mammal
Quercus marilandica	1198.17	Mammal
Carya illinoensis	4142.01	Mammal

Figure 1.  Mean and standard error of percent seeds left for the interaction between wind-dispersed species and microsites. Means indicated with different letters were significantly different. Microsites are indicated as prairie (white), shrub (gray), and forest (black).

Figure 2.  Mean and standard error of percent seeds left for the interaction between bird-dispersed species and microsites. Means indicated with different letters were significantly different. Microsites are indicated as prairie (white), shrub (gray), and forest (black).

Figure 3.  Mean and standard error of percent seeds left for the interaction between mammal-dispersed species and microsites. Means indicated with different letters were significantly different. Microsites are indicated as prairie (white), shrub (gray), and forest (black).

Myster , RW. 1993 . Tree invasion and establishment in old fields at Hutcheson Memorial Forest . Bot Rev , 59 : 251 – 72 .

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