O-coumaric acid ester, a potential early signaling molecule in Pinus pinea and Pisolithus arhizus symbiosis established in vitro

Figures & data

Figure 1. Illustration of the double-phase solid–liquid medium preparation and plant culture. (a) 1 – cover; 2 – flask; 3 and 4 – WPMS medium with perlite at the top. (b and c) 3 and 4 – WPMS medium with perlite facing down, 5 – WPML, 6 – plantlet; and 7 – root (Patent INPI N° 105239).

Figure 2. Co-culture of Pinus pinea plantlets with Pisolithus arhizus mycelium in a double-phase medium (a), negative controls: pine plantlet without fungus (b), and fungal mycelium alone (c).

Figure 3. HPLC–UV chromatograms of the liquid medium sample collected from the co-culture of P. pinea plantlet inoculated with P. arhizus on day 2 (a) and liquid medium sample collected from P. pinea microshoots without fungal inoculation on day 2 (b). Peak at Rt 11.50 min corresponds to the unknown compound (UC).

Figure 4. HPLC–UV chromatograms of samples from the co-culture of P. pinea plantlet and P. arhizus collected on day 2 spiked with IAA (a), rutin (b), and IBA (c). Peaks at Rt 11.84, 11.44, and 11.58 min correspond to the unknown compound (UC).

Figure 5. DAD total scan (a) and total ion current (b) chromatograms of the P. pinea/P. arhizus co-culture medium samples collected at day 2. UV (a), full MS (b), and MS² of the m/z 321 ion (c) spectra of the unknown compound (UC) in the P. pinea/P. arhizus co-culture sample collected on day 2. (b) Chemical structure of o-coumaric acid.