Assessing the prospect of a common health-related stigma reduction response: Cross-perspectives of people living with stigmatised health conditions in Indonesia

Figures & data

Figure 1. Explanatory concurrent mixed-methods design employed in this study.

Table 1. Participants’ characteristics (N = 80).

	Participants (N = 80)
	N	%
Health condition
HIV	23	28.7
Leprosy	16	20.0
Schizophrenia	19	23.8
Diabetes	22	27.5
Duration of having the disease
≤10 years	52	69.3
>10 years	24	30.7
Age
≤41 years old	45	57
>41 years old	35	43
Gender
Male	38	48.1
Female	41	50.6
Transgender	1	1.3
Education
≤Junior high school	23	27.8
>Senior high school	57	72.2
Religion
Buddhism	4	5.1
Catholicism	11	13.9
Christianity	3	3.8
Islam	57	70.9
Protestanism	5	6.3
Occupation
Employed	51	64.5
Retired	1	1.3
Unemployed	22	26.6
No data	6	7.6

Table 2. Perceived SDS scores across four conditions.

Respondent group (N = 80)	Perceived SDS scores towards people living with different disease groups
	HIV	Leprosy	Schizophrenia	Diabetes
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
HIV (n = 23)	4.14 ± 3.65	8.13 ± 2.95	9.24 ± 2.98	5.74 ± 3.78
Leprosy (n = 16)	9.38 ± 4.33	4.25 ± 3.95	7.94 ± 3.66	6.38 ± 3.96
Schizophrenia (n = 19)	7.61 ± 5.13	7.38 ± 3.13	7.76 ± 4.63	5.88 ± 4.15
Diabetes (n = 22)	15.95 ± 5.03	15.09 ± 5.33	12.45 ± 5.21	7.23 ± 5.31

SD: standard deviation.

Table 3. Comparison between within-group and across-group SDS scores.

Respondent group (N = 80)	Within-group SDS score [Mean ± SD] (A)	Across-group SDS score [Mean ± SD] (B)		Mean difference in SDS scores between the groups* (A–B)	95% Confidence interval	p-Value
HIV (n = 23)	4.14 ± 3.65	Leprosy	8.13 ± 2.95	−3.99	−8.43–0.44	0.133
		Schizophrenia	9.24 ± 2.98	−5.10	−9.64 to −0.56	0.012**
		Diabetes	5.74 ± 3.78	−1.60	−6.04–2.83	0.997
Leprosy (n = 16)	4.25 ± 3.95	HIV	9.38 ± 4.33	−5.13	−10.39–0.14	0.065
		Schizophrenia	7.94 ± 3.66	−3.69	−8.95–1.57	0.532
		Diabetes	6.38 ± 3.96	−2.13	−7.39–3.14	0.991
Schizophrenia (n = 19)	7.76 ± 4.63	HIV	7.61 ± 5.13	0.15	−4.88–5.19	1.000
		Leprosy	7.38 ± 3.13	0.39	−4.79–5.57	1.000
		Diabetes	5.88 ± 4.15	1.88	−3.22–6.99	0.996
Diabetes (n = 22)	7.23 ± 5.31	HIV	15.95 ± 5.03	−8.73	−13.21 to −4.24	0.001**
		Leprosy	15.09 ± 5.33	−7.86	−12.35 to −3.38	0.001**
		Schizophrenia	12.45 ± 5.21	−5.23	−9.71 to −0.74	0.007**

* Negative mean difference denotes higher across-group SDS score compared to the within-group SDS score.

** p-Value <0.05 denotes statistically significant difference.

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author [SSR], upon reasonable request.