References
- Betten, A. W., Roelofsen, A., & Broerse, J. E. (2013). Interactive learning and action: Realizing the promise of synthetic biology for global health. Systems and Synthetic Biology, 7(3), 127–138. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11693-013-9113-7
- Bogardus, E. S. (1933). A social distance scale. Sociology & Social Research, 17(1), 265–271.
- Boutayeb, A. (2006). The double burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases in developing countries. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 100(3), 191–199. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trstmh.2005.07.021
- Corrigan, P. W., & Rao, D. (2012). On the self-stigma of mental illness: Stages, disclosure, and strategies for change. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 57(8), 464–469. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/070674371205700804
- Cortland, C. I., Craig, M. A., Shapiro, J. R., Richeson, J. A., Neel, R., & Goldstein, N. J. (2017). Solidarity through shared disadvantage: Highlighting shared experiences of discrimination improves relations between stigmatized groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 113(4), 547. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000100
- Crabtree, J. W., Haslam, S. A., Postmes, T., & Haslam, C. (2010). Mental health support groups, stigma, and self-esteem: Positive and negative implications of group identification. Journal of Social Issues, 66(3), 553–569. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.2010.01662.x
- Creswell, J. W., & Clark, V. L. P. (2017). Designing and conducting mixed methods research. Sage Publications.
- Earnshaw, V. A., & Kalichman, S. C. (2013). Stigma experienced by people living with HIV/AIDS. In P. Liamputtong (Ed.), Stigma, discrimination and living with HIV/AIDS (pp. 23–38). Springer.
- Fujisawa, D., & Hagiwara, N. (2015). Cancer stigma and its health consequences. Current Breast Cancer Reports, 7(3), 143–150. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s12609-015-0185-0
- Gaertner, S. L., Dovidio, J. F., Anastasio, P. A., Bachman, B. A., & Rust, M. C. (1993). The common ingroup identity model: Recategorization and the reduction of intergroup bias. European Review of Social Psychology, 4(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14792779343000004
- González-Torres, M. A., Oraa, R., Arístegui, M., Fernández-Rivas, A., & Guimon, J. (2007). Stigma and discrimination towards people with schizophrenia and their family members. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 42(1), 14–23. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-006-0126-3
- Gredig, D., & Bartelsen-Raemy, A. (2017). Diabetes-related stigma affects the quality of life of people living with diabetes mellitus in Switzerland: Implications for healthcare providers. Health and Social Care in the Community, 25(5), 1620–1633. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12376
- Hartini, N., Fardana, N. A., Ariana, A. D., & Wardana, N. D. (2018). Stigma toward people with mental health problems in Indonesia. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 11, 535. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S175251
- Heijnders, M., & Van Der Meij, S. (2006). The fight against stigma: An overview of stigma-reduction strategies and interventions. Psychology, Health and Medicine, 11(3), 353–363. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13548500600595327
- Henderson, C., Evans-Lacko, S., & Thornicroft, G. (2013). Mental illness stigma, help seeking, and public health programs. American Journal of Public Health, 103(5), 777–780. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2012.301056
- Ibrahim, K., Songwathana, P., Boonyasopun, U., & Francis, K. (2010). The HIV/AIDS epidemic in Indonesia: Does primary health care as a prevention and intervention strategy work? International Journal of Nursing Practice, 16(2), 87–91. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-172X.2010.01816.x
- IDF. (2020). Diabetes in Indonesia. International Diabetes Federation. Retrieved June 26, 2020, from https://idf.org/our-network/regions-members/western-pacific/members/104-indonesia.html
- Latner, J. D., O'Brien, K. S., Durso, L. E., Brinkman, L. A., & MacDonald, T. (2008). Weighing obesity stigma: The relative strength of different forms of bias. International Journal of Obesity, 32(7), 1145–1152. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2008.53
- Liberman, R. P., & Kopelowicz, A. (2005). Recovery from schizophrenia: A concept in search of research. Psychiatric Services, 56(6), 735–742. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.56.6.735
- Minas, H., & Diatri, H. (2008). Pasung: Physical restraint and confinement of the mentally ill in the community. International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 2(1), 8. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-4458-2-8
- Nunes, A. R., Lee, K., & O'Riordan, T. (2016). The importance of an integrating framework for achieving the sustainable development goals: The example of health and well-being. BMJ Global Health, 1(3), e000068. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2016-000068
- Nunnally, J. C. (1994). Psychometric theory 3E. Tata McGraw-Hill Education.
- Omran, A. R. (2005). The epidemiologic transition: A theory of the epidemiology of population change. The Milbank Quarterly, 83(4), 731–757. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0009.2005.00398.x
- Peters, R. M., Dadun, L., Miranda-Galarza, M., van Brakel, B., Zweekhorst, W. H., Damayanti, M. B., Seda, R., Bunders, F. S., & & Irwanto, J. F. (2013). The meaning of leprosy and everyday experiences: An exploration in cirebon, Indonesia. Journal of Tropical Medicine, 2013, 507034. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/507034
- Peters, R. M., Van Brakel, W. H., Zweekhorst, M. B., Damayanti, R., & Bunders, J. F. (2014). The cultural validation of two scales to assess social stigma in leprosy. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 8(11), e3274. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003274
- Pujilestari, C. U., Nawi Ng, M. H., & Eriksson, M. (2014). “It is not possible for me to have diabetes”–community perceptions on diabetes and Its risk Factors in Rural Purworejo District, Central Java, Indonesia. Global Journal of Health Science, 6(5), 204. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v6n5p204
- Rachmani, E., Hsu, C. Y., & Kurniadi, A. (2013). How health information system could help the leprosy control program in Indonesia? International Conference on Instrumentation, Communications, Information Technology and Biomedical Engineering, 2013, 16–20. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1109/ICICI-BME.2013.6698457
- Rai, S. S., Irwanto, I., Peters, R. M., Syurina, E. V., Putri, A. I., Mikhakhanova, A., Naniche, D., & Zweekhorst, M. B. (2020). Qualitative exploration of experiences and consequences of health-related stigma among Indonesians with HIV, leprosy, schizophrenia and diabetes. Kesmas: National Public Health Journal, 15(1), 7–16. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21109/kesmas.v15i1.3306
- Rao, P. (2010). Study on differences and similarities in the concept and origin of leprosy stigma in relation to other health-related stigma. Indian Journal of Leprosy, 82(3), 117–121.
- Sianturi, E., Perwitasari, D., Islam, M. A., & Taxis, K. (2019). The association between ethnicity, stigma, beliefs about medicines and adherence in people living with HIV in a rural area in Indonesia. BMC Public Health, 19(1), 55. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6392-2
- Soewondo, P., Ferrario, A., & Tahapary, D. L. (2013). Challenges in diabetes management in Indonesia: A literature review. Globalization and Health, 9(1), 63. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/1744-8603-9-63
- Stangl, A. L., Earnshaw, V. A., Logie, C. H., van Brakel, W. L. C. S., Barre, I., & Dovidio, J. F. (2019). The health stigma and discrimination Framework: A global, crosscutting framework to inform research, intervention development, and policy on health-related stigmas. BMC Medicine, 17(1), 31. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-019-1271-3
- Subandi, M., & Good, B. J. (2018). Shame as a cultural index of illness and recovery from psychotic illness in Java. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 34, 33–37. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2018.04.005
- Subandi, M., Praptomojati, A., Marchira, C. R., DelVecchio Good, M.-J., & Good, B. J. (2020). Cultural explanations of psychotic illness and care-seeking of family caregivers in Java, Indonesia. Transcultural Psychiatry, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1363461520916290
- Tajfel, H. (1974). Social identity and intergroup behaviour. Information (International Social Science Council), 13(2), 65–93.
- Tajfel, H., Turner, J. C., Austin, W. G., & Worchel, S. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In M.J. Hatch & M. Schultz (Eds.), Organizational Identity: A Reader (pp. 56-65). Oxford University Press.
- Thornicroft, G., Mehta, N., Clement, S., Evans-Lacko, S., Doherty, M., Rose, D., Koschorke, M., Shidhaye, R., O'Reilly, C., & Henderson, C. (2016). Evidence for effective interventions to reduce mental-health-related stigma and discrimination. The Lancet, 387(10023), 1123–1132. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00298-6
- UNAIDS. (2017). Indonesia. Retrieved February 6, 2019, from http://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries/indonesia
- Van Brakel, W. H. (2006). Measuring health-related stigma—A literature review. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 11(3), 307–334. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13548500600595160
- Van Zomeren, M., Leach, C. W., & Spears, R. (2012a). Protesters as “passionate economists” a dynamic dual pathway model of approach coping with collective disadvantage. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 16(2), 180–199. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868311430835
- Van Zomeren, M., Postmes, T., & Spears, R. (2012b). On conviction's collective consequences: Integrating moral conviction with the social identity model of collective action. British Journal of Social Psychology, 51(1), 52–71. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8309.2010.02000.x
- Vos, T., Barber, R. M., Bell, B., Bertozzi-Villa, A., Biryukov, S., Bolliger, I., Charlson, F., Davis, A., Degenhardt, L., & Dicker, D. (2015). Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990–2013: A systematic analysis for the Global burden of disease study 2013. The Lancet, 386(9995), 743–800. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60692-4
- Warner, R. (2009). Recovery from schizophrenia and the recovery model. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 22(4), 374–380. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0b013e32832c920b
- Watson, A. C., Corrigan, P., Larson, J. E., & Sells, M. (2007). Self-stigma in people with mental illness. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 33(6), 1312–1318. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbl076
- Weiss, M. G., Ramakrishna, J., & Somma, D. (2006). Health-related stigma: Rethinking concepts and interventions. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 11(3), 277–287. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13548500600595053
- WHO. (2019). Global leprosy update, 2018: Moving towards a leprosy-free world. Weekly Epidemiological Record, 94(35/36), 389–412.