Highly efficient catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol by Mn₃O₄.CuO nanocomposite as a heterogeneous fenton-like catalyst

Figures & data

Figure 1. XRD patterns of Mn₃O₄, CuO, and Mn₃O₄.CuO samples.

Figure 2. FTIR spectra of Mn₃O₄, CuO, and Mn₃O₄.CuO samples.

Figure 3. N₂ adsorption and desorption isotherms for the Mn₃O₄ and Mn₃O₄.CuO samples (a); pore size distribution of Mn₃O₄ and Mn₃O₄.CuO (b).

Figure 4. FESEM images of Mn₃O₄.CuO (a); EDS spectra of Mn₃O₄.CuO (b); elemental mapping images of Mn₃O₄.CuO for Mn(c), Cu (d), O (e).

Figure 5. Catalytic degradation efficiency of PNP in different systems.

Figure 6. Influence of different operation parameters on PNP degradation. Catalyst mass (a) (experimental conditions: initial concentration of H₂O₂: 0.1 mol L^-1, sonication time: 20 min and pH: 8.0); H₂O₂ concentration (b) (experimental conditions: catalyst mass: 0.015 g, sonication time: 20 min and pH: 8.0); pH (c) (experimental conditions: catalyst mass: 0.015 g, sonication time: 20 min and initial concentration of H₂O₂: 0.1 mol L^-1); Sonication time (d) (experimental conditions: catalyst mass: 0.015 g, initial concentration of H₂O₂: 0.1 mol L^-1 and pH: 8.0).

Figure 7. Five successive runs of PNP degradation by Mn₃O₄.CuO nanocomposite.

Figure 8. Effect of tert-Butyl alcohol and chloroform on the degradation of PNP.

Table 1. Comparison of the catalytic performance of some reported catalysts with Mn₃O₄.CuO nanocomposite for ultrasonic degradation of nitrophenol compounds.

Catalyst	Pollutant	Catalyst dosage (g L^‒1)	Sonication time (min)	Removal efficiency (%)	Ref.
CuO	2,4-dinitrophenol	0.3	90	20.7	[22]
FeOCl	2-nitrophenol	0.1	30	100	[23]
TiO2	4-nitrophenol	3	240	37.2	[24]
FeVO4@ BiOCl	4-nitrophenol	0.1	60	80	[45]
FeVO4 @CeO2	4-nitrophenol	0.1	60	80	[46]
Mn3O4.CuO	4-nitrophenol	0.6	20	95	This work

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