Interindividual variability in metabolic adaptation of non-exercise activity thermogenesis after a 1-year weight loss intervention in former elite athletes

Figures & data

Table 1. Estimated means of energy expenditure components.

		Control	Intervention	Time*group p-value	SDIR (95% CI)	SWC
TDEE (kcal/d)	Baseline	2486 (89)	2420 (87)	0.010	–	114
	4months	2323 (97)	2377 (93)		114 (−342, 378)
	12months	2532 (109)	2197 (106)^a		155 (−419, 473)
REE (kcal/d)	Baseline	1642 (21)	1645 (20)	<0.001	–	59
	4months	1616 (23)^b	1527 (22)^b		−51 (−127, 146)
	12months	1722 (25)^a	1533 (25)^a		−8 (−146, 147)
NEPA (min/day)^c	Baseline	853 (11)	830 (11)	0.890	–	14
	4months	858 (13)	843 (12)		3 (−64, 64)
	12months	838 (16)	824 (14)		−45 (−62, 89)
NEAT (kcal/d)	Baseline	538 (48)	504 (47)	0.823	–	87
	4months	471 (53)	478 (51)		27 (−235, 238)
	12months	452 (64)	443 (56)		−166 (−232, 329)
pNEAT (kcal/d)	Baseline	546 (34)	497 (33)	0.816	–	45
	4months	554 (37)	515 (36)		28 (−159, 164)
	12months	531 (45)^d	457 (52)		−71 (−190, 215)
Exercise (min/day)	Baseline	5 (3)	8 (3)	<0.001	–	2
	4months	6 (3)	23 (3)^b		−3 (−20, 20)
	12months	17 (5)	6 (4)^d		−15 (−19, 28)
EiEE (kcal/d)	Baseline	46 (19)	35 (19)	<0.001	–	19
	4months	31 (21)	121 (20)^b		9 (−102, 103)
	12months	89 (26)	45 (23)^d		−75 (−99, 145)
PAEE (kcal/d)	Baseline	584 (51)	539 (50)	0.081	–	86
	4months	502 (56)	599 (54)		28 (−249, 252)
	12months	541 (68)	489 (59)		−175 (−245, 349)

Note: TDEE: Total daily energy expenditure; REE: Resting energy expenditure; NEPA: Non-exercise physical activity; NEAT: Non-exercise activity thermogenesis; pNEAT: Predicted NEAT; EiEE: Exercise-induced energy expenditure; AEE: Activity energy expenditure.

^aWithin-group differences between baseline and 12-months, p < 0.05.

^bWithin-group differences between baseline and 4-months, p < 0.05.

^cAdjusted for daily wear time (percentage).

^dWithin-group differences between 4-months and 12-months, p < 0.05.

Table 2. Adaptive thermogenesis for NEAT.

		Control	Intervention	p-value (between groups)	SDIR (95% CI)	SWC
AT	4mo	−24 (45)	−41 (45)	0.783	−2 (−209, 209)	87
	12mo	−45 (58)	−56 (56)	0.894	24 (−193, 196)

Note: Data are presented as estimated mean (SE). AT: Adaptive thermogenesis. Not statistically different from zero, p < 0.05 (one-sample t-test).

Figure 1. Variability of metabolic adaptation on NEAT among participants.