What can we learn about immediate memory from the development of children's free recall?

Figures & data

Figure 1 Free-recall accuracy by serial position and age group for all trials in Experiment 1 (error bars are 95% confidence intervals).

Figure 2 Lag conditional response probabilities in Experiment 1 (error bars are 95% confidence intervals).

Figure 3 Probability of first recall by serial position and age group, averaged across all eight trials in Experiment 1 (error bars are 95% confidence intervals).

Figure 4 Free-recall accuracy by serial position and age group for trials where participants commenced recall with the item presented at list position 1 (Panel A), list position 7 (Panel B), list position 8 (Panel C), or list position 9 (Panel D) (error bars are 95% confidence intervals).

Table 1. Summary data for participants in each age group who began free recall at a particular list position in Experiment 1

	Starting position
	1		7		8		9
Year group	n	No. of trials	n	No. of trials	n	No. of trials	n	No. of trials
Year 1	23	1.78 (0.85)	47	1.79 (1.04)	47	1.44 (0.62)	63	4.21 (1.98)
Year 3	39	2.11 (1.52)	32	1.61 (0.83)	39	1.53 (0.71)	59	3.98 (1.96)

Note: Number of individuals starting at each position and the average number of trials started at that position by each individual are shown. Standard deviations in parentheses.

Figure 5 Free-recall accuracy by serial position and age group for red phase recall of red items and blue phase recall of blue items in Experiment 2 (error bars are 95% confidence intervals).

Figure 6 Probability of first recall by serial position and age group for the red recall phase of each condition of Experiment 2 (error bars are 95% confidence intervals).

Figure 7 Free-recall accuracy by serial position and age group for trials where red phase recall commenced with the first red item in the list, plotted by condition of Experiment 2 (error bars are 95% confidence intervals).