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Original Articles

Environmentally friendly protection of European beech against fire and fungal decay using a combination of thermal modification and mineralisation

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Pages 33-44 | Received 12 Apr 2023, Accepted 07 Jun 2023, Published online: 05 Jul 2023

Figures & data

Table 1. Physical properties of samples. Data on moisture content and pH value of hot water extract were taken from Repič et al. (Citation2022).

Table 2. Mechanical properties of samples.

Figure 1. Samples following exposure to Gloeophyllum trabeum in a) the reference beech wood, b) the mineralised wood, c) the thermally modified wood, and d) the wood treated using both procedures. The unexposed sample is placed on the top of the degraded samples for comparison.

Figure 1. Samples following exposure to Gloeophyllum trabeum in a) the reference beech wood, b) the mineralised wood, c) the thermally modified wood, and d) the wood treated using both procedures. The unexposed sample is placed on the top of the degraded samples for comparison.

Figure 2. Samples following exposure to Trametes versicolour in a) the reference beech wood, b) the mineralised wood, c) the thermally modified wood, and d) the wood treated using both procedures. The unexposed sample is placed on the top of degraded samples for comparison.

Figure 2. Samples following exposure to Trametes versicolour in a) the reference beech wood, b) the mineralised wood, c) the thermally modified wood, and d) the wood treated using both procedures. The unexposed sample is placed on the top of degraded samples for comparison.

Figure 3. SEM images of the (a) reference beech, (b) mineralised beech, (c) thermally modified beech, and (d) thermally modified and mineralised beech.

Figure 3. SEM images of the (a) reference beech, (b) mineralised beech, (c) thermally modified beech, and (d) thermally modified and mineralised beech.

Figure 4. SEM images of samples after exposure to fungi in: (a) the reference beech, (b) the mineralised beech, (c) the thermally modified beech, and (d) the thermally modified and mineralised beech.

Figure 4. SEM images of samples after exposure to fungi in: (a) the reference beech, (b) the mineralised beech, (c) the thermally modified beech, and (d) the thermally modified and mineralised beech.

Figure 5. Heat release profiles of the reference beech (B), thermally modified beech (BT), mineralised beech (B Ca) and beech modified by both methods (BT Ca), as determined by cone calorimetry; the respective curves represent the average of five samples.

Figure 5. Heat release profiles of the reference beech (B), thermally modified beech (BT), mineralised beech (B Ca) and beech modified by both methods (BT Ca), as determined by cone calorimetry; the respective curves represent the average of five samples.