716
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Assessment of the chipping process of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) wood: knives wear, chemical and microscopic analysis of wood

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & show all
Pages 473-484 | Received 29 Mar 2023, Accepted 11 Sep 2023, Published online: 21 Sep 2023

Figures & data

Table 1. Characteristic of green beech wood material: moisture, density, extractive content (EXT), lignin content (LIG), holocellulose content (HOLO), cellulose content (CEL), hemicellulose content (HEMI).

Figure 1. An uncoated cutting knife.

Figure 1. An uncoated cutting knife.

Figure 2. Cutting knife coated with AlCrN (Aluminium Chromium Nitridate).

Figure 2. Cutting knife coated with AlCrN (Aluminium Chromium Nitridate).

Table 2. Chemical composition of steel X48CrMoV8-1-1.

Table 3. Properties of the coating with CROSAL plus stated by the manufacturer.

Figure 3. Samples of uncoated (left) and coated knives (right) after the test of resistance to abrasive wear and measurement of HRC hardness.

Figure 3. Samples of uncoated (left) and coated knives (right) after the test of resistance to abrasive wear and measurement of HRC hardness.

Table 4. Results of the resistance test to abrasive wear and HRC hardness measurement.

Figure 4. Coated knife after the beech wood chipping process, wood fragments in a white rectangle.

Figure 4. Coated knife after the beech wood chipping process, wood fragments in a white rectangle.

Table 5. Gravimetric analysis of knives and wood fragments taken from knives.

Figure 5. Evaluation of the primary surface of the knife, cutting edge (grey area), before and after chipping. Green points show positive (+) or negative (–) deformations.

Figure 5. Evaluation of the primary surface of the knife, cutting edge (grey area), before and after chipping. Green points show positive (+) or negative (–) deformations.

Figure 6. Results of evaluating the flatness of the primary surface of the chipping knife.

Figure 6. Results of evaluating the flatness of the primary surface of the chipping knife.

Figure 7. ATR-FTIR spectra of beech wood and wood fragments taken from knives.

Figure 7. ATR-FTIR spectra of beech wood and wood fragments taken from knives.

Table 6. The elemental analysis of green beech wood and the wood fragments taken from the knives.

Figure 8. Presence of metal particles originating from the chipping process in the beech wood chips imaged by secondary (A1–A3) and BSE detectors (B1–B5). Scale bars = 100 μm (or 50 μm, exceptionally in exceptional cases B4, 20 μm in cases B5).

Figure 8. Presence of metal particles originating from the chipping process in the beech wood chips imaged by secondary (A1–A3) and BSE detectors (B1–B5). Scale bars = 100 μm (or 50 μm, exceptionally in exceptional cases B4, 20 μm in cases B5).