Academics in public office as policy entrepreneurs: their important role in Indonesia’s administrative reform

ABSTRACT

Indonesia has a tradition in recruiting a particular ‘species’ of policy entrepreneur, mentioned in the present article as Academic Administrative Entrepreneurs (AAEs). AAE is defined as a university professor who is employed into public office due to their expertise in specific policy areas and their access to various forms of knowledge, social, and political capital. AAEs investigated in this study were instrumental in leading and managing national administrative reform policy in post-authoritarian Indonesia (1998-onwards). This article explores how AAEs start and initiate the reform agenda, identifies what resources they invest, challenges and barriers they encountered, and their effectiveness in leading and managing change. Based on a series of interviews with AAEs and their colleagues, it is observed that AAEs are qualified to be identified as a policy entrepreneurs as they meet essential elements required where the balance of knowledge, political and social capital and good timing in relation to the political salience of their expertise enable them influence processes of administrative reform. However, they tended to be more effective on incremental change which contains little political risk where it is noted that the context of transition to democracy works as an important antecedent condition of their effectiveness.

KEYWORDS:

• Policy entrepreneurs
• AAEs
• academics
• administrative reform
• state in transition
• Indonesia

Acknowledgments

The author would like to thank Professor Diane Stone, Professor Mark Evans and Assoc Prof Riyana Miranti for their feedback on earlier versions of this article. A draft version of this article was presented at the XXIII Annual Conference of the International Research Society for Public Management (IRSPM), Wellington, New Zealand, 16–18 April 2019. This work was supported by the Australian Government Research Training Program (RTP) Scholarship.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Ario Wicaksono

Ario Wicaksono is a PhD Candidate at the Centre for Change Governance at the Institute for Governance and Policy Analysis at the University of Canberra, Australia, since 2016. He is also a lecturer at the Department of Public Policy and Management, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia, since 2008. His research interests include organizational studies in the public sector, policy transfer and learning, and urban studies.