Facile synthesis of bismuth terephthalate metal–organic frameworks and their visible-light-driven photocatalytic activities toward Rhodamine B dye

Figures & data

Figure 1. SEM images of the prepared samples (a) Bi-BDC-80, (b) Bi-BDC-100, and (c) Bi-BDC-120.

Figure 2. XRD patterns of the Bi-BDC frameworks were prepared at temperatures of 80, 100, and 120 ^oC.

Figure 3. FT-IR spectra of the Bi-BDC frameworks prepared at temperatures of 80, 100 and 120 ^oC.

Figure 4. TGA analyses of the prepared Bi-BDC frameworks.

Figure 5. (a) UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and (b) Energy band spectra of the synthesized samples.

Figure 6. Absorption spectra of RhB solution under various irradiation time (catalyst dosage: 30 mg/L and 50 mL RhB concentration of 15 mg/mL).

Figure 7. (a) Photodegradation profile of RhB under various irradiation time, and (b) photodegradation kinetics of pseudo-first-order (catalyst dosage: 30 mg/L and 50 mL RhB concentration of 15 mg/mL).

Figure 8. The proposed photodegradation mechanism of RhB dye over the prepared Bi-BDC under visible LED light irradiation.

Table 1. The photodegradation of RhB dye over various materials.

Material	Photocatalytic conditions	Removal efficiency (%)	Refs.
BiVO4	Visible LED 60 W, 200 mL, 15 ppm, 200 min, mcatalyst = 0.1 g	62.4	(7)
Bi2WO6/UiO-66	Visible halogen 500 W, 30 mL, 0.03 mM, 180 min, mcatalyst = 15 mg	80.0	(55)
Bi-BDC-MW	Visible 10 W, 50 mL, 3 × 10^−5, 50 mL, 360 min, mcatalyst = 9 mg	99.4	(42)
Bi-BTC-DMF/MeOH	Visible light 10 W, 50 mL, 3 × 10−5, 50 mL, 360 min, mcatalyst = 9 mg	95.1	(56)
Pt/Zn–Ti LDHs	Xenon lamp 500 W, 100 mL, 10 mg/L, 60 min, mcatalyst = 0.10 g	90.0	(57)
ZnBi2O4-Bi2S3	Halogen 300 W, 100 mL, 10 mg/L, 60 min mcatalyst = 1 g/L;	89.2	(58)
TiO2-MgFe2O4	Halogen lamp 300 W, 100 mL, 50 mg/L, 90 min, mcatalyst = 100 mg	91.0	(59)
Ag3PO4/Bi2WO6	Visible a xenon lam; 200 mL, 1×10^–5, 80 min, mcatalyst = 0.2 mg	99.5	(60)
BiOCl/rGO	wLED1.6 W/cm^2; 50 mL, 20 mg/L, 25 min, mcatalyst = 50 mg	98.8	(61)
LDH@Bi2WO6	Metal vapor lamp 400 W, 100 mL, 10 mg/L, 75 min, mcatalyst = 100 mg	98.7	(62)
CM/Bi4O5Br2/BiOBr	Blue light 405 nm (20 W), 8 mg/L, 100 min, mcatalyst = 17 mg	∼97.5	(63)
Bi-BDC-100	Visible LED 10 w; 50 mL, 1×10^–5, 360 min, mcatalyst = 30 mg	98.0	This study

Figure 9. Effects of experimental conditions on the removal of RhB over the Bi-BDC-100: (a) catalyst dosage (50 mL RhB concentration of 15 mg/mL), (b) initial RhB concentration (catalyst dosage: 30 mg and 50 mL RhB), and (c) pH media (catalyst dosage: 30 mg and 50 mL RhB concentration of 15 mg/mL).

Figure 10. (a) The removal efficiencies of RhB after 4 cycles (catalyst dosage: 30 mg/L, 50 mL RhB concentration of 15 mg/mL and irradiation time of 360 min) and (b) XRD pattern of Bi-BDC-100 before and after photodegradation on RhB.

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