Changes in rainfall amount and seasonality modulate taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity in a gypsophilous plant community in the Chihuahuan Desert

ABSTRACT

Background

Climate change is expected to alter future rainfall regime in arid zones, which may impact gypsophilous plant diversity components in the Chihuahuan Desert.

Aims

We investigated the effects of different rainfall timings and amounts on the taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic components of a gypsophilous plant community.

Methods

We used soil monoliths extracted from the southern Chihuahuan Desert in a greenhouse experiment with three rainfall timings (typical, early, and late) and two rainfall amounts (100% and 50%) and evaluated the effects on taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity.

Results

Irrigation treatment with 50% of average rainfall reduced species richness and plant abundance and altered species composition. At 100% irrigation, specific leaf area was lower in the treatments with typical and late rainfall timing than in the treatment with early rainfall. Phylogenetic diversity was significantly lower in the late timing treatment in November.

Conclusion

Our study evidence that the water shortage impacted drastically on the plant community by decreased species richness and diversity. Nevertheless, late rainfall can buffer the effects of water diminution but only on taxonomic and functional diversity, with the opposite effect on the phylogenetic diversity, in the gypsophilous communities in the Chihuahuan Desert.

KEYWORDS:

• Climate change
• gypsophyte
• gypsovag
• rainfall amount
• rainfall threshold
• rainfall timing
• species assembly
• specific leaf area

Acknowledgements

We thank Juan Pablo Ortiz Brunel for field assistance and help with the experimental setup, and Dinorah Mendoza for lichen identification. We thank to Dr. Duncan Jackson for language editing.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s)

Supplementary material

Supplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/17550874.2022.2130017

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the AGORA project [CGL2016-77417-P - Spanish Government]; FORDECYT - Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología under Grant [296354 - Mexican Government]; REMEDINAL project [TE-CM S2018/EMT-4338 - Madrid Regional Government]; and GYPWORLD project [H2020-MSCA-RISE-2017-777803 - European Commission]. Alexa Vargas-Colin was sponsored by CONACYT doctoral grant [CVU 786459].